Mendel's Laws And The Principles of Heredity

Question 1

phenotypic character

Answer 1

an observable feature such as flower color

Question 2

phenotypic trait

Answer 2

specific form of the character for ex yellow flowers

Question 3

hemizygous genotype

Answer 3

ind only possesses one copy of the chromosome and therefore one copy of all the genes that lie on that chr

Question 4

true breeding or pure breeding

Answer 4

all the ind’s offspring have same trait suggesting that ind is homozygous for alleles that code for that character

Question 5

de novo mutation

Answer 5

arises during spermatogenesis or oogenesis - parents do not possess it

Question 6

autosomal mutations

Answer 6

mutations in genes that lie on numbered chromosomes (1-22)

Question 7

X-linked & Y-linked mutations

Answer 7

mutations in genes that lie ion the X or Y chromosomes

Question 8

parental (P) generation

Answer 8

1st generation that is mated

Question 9

first filial (F1) generation

Answer 9

1st generation of offspring from P generation

Question 10

second filial (F2) generation

Answer 10

generation after F1 generation

Question 11

locus

Answer 11

specific place in DNA molecule - varies in length

Question 12

“and” rule

Answer 12

use multiplication for independent events

Question 13

“or” rule

Answer 13

use addition for mutually exclusive events

Question 14

monohybrid crosses

Answer 14

illustrated principles of dominance and segregation: each gene had 2 different version or alleles, one allele can be dominant over the other w respect to the individual’s phenotype, for each gene a parent passes one allele down to each offspring, each individual inherits one set of gene alleles from mother and one from father

Question 15

Mendel’s law of segregation

Answer 15

the 2 alleles of a gene segregate apart from each other when the ind makes gametes

Question 16

monohybrid test cross

Answer 16

allows you to differentiate between homozygous & heterozygous genotypes

Question 17

dihybrid crosses

Answer 17

illustrate principle of independent assortment

Question 18

autosomal dominant

Answer 18

mutant gene is on autosome & you only need one mutant copy of the gene to have the disorder, at least one affected parent; 50% chance of passing mutation to child

Question 19

autosomal recessive

Answer 19

on autosome ind must have 2 mutant copies of gene to be affected

Question 20

39

Answer 20

39