Mendel's Law Notes

Question 1

Complete Dominance

Answer 1

Hybrid resembles one of the two parents

Question 2

What is Pleiotropy?

Answer 2

one gene may contribute to several characteristics

Question 3

Incomplete dominance

Answer 3

Hybrid is intermediate phenotype of parents

Question 4

Codominance

Answer 4

Hybrid shows traits from both parents

Question 5

What is a common example of incomplete dominance?

Answer 5

Flower color in snapdragons (cross of red and white makes pink)

Question 6

What is the pink flower result in snapdragons a result of?

Answer 6

Incomplete dominance

Question 7

What are both alleles in codominace?

Answer 7

Both alleles are heterozygous (Aa), which leads to a phenotype that shows Characterisitcs from both parents (w/o blending)

Question 8

What does the type of dominance depend on?

Answer 8

The type of protein encoded and the biochemical functions of the proteins

Question 9

Can a gene have more than one allele?

Answer 9

Yes….
* Multiple alleles of a gene can segregate in populations
* Each individual can
carry only two alleles
* Dominance relations are always relative to a second allele and are unique to a pair of alleles

Question 10

What are ABO blood types determined by?

Answer 10

Three alleles of one gene

Question 11

I^A blood allele

Answer 11

A antigen

Question 12

I^B blood allele

Answer 12

B antigen

Question 13

i alle

Answer 13

no antigen (sugar)

Question 14

How many genotypes produce blood phenotypes?

Answer 14

6 genotypes produce 4 blood phenotypes

Question 15

I^A and I^B

Answer 15

are codominant
are dominant to i

Question 16

I^A I^A
I^Ai

Answer 16

A

Question 17

I^B I^B
I^Bi

Answer 17

B

Question 17

I^A I^B

Answer 17

AB

Question 18

ii

Answer 18

O

Question 19

Types of antibodies

Answer 19

Type A and type B suagrs

Question 20

A Blood Type

Answer 20

Antibodies against B

Question 21

B Blood Type

Answer 21

Antibodies against A

Question 22

AB Blood Type

Answer 22

No antibodies against A or B

Question 23

O Blood Types

Answer 23

Antibodies against both A and B

Question 24

A type blood can be donated to...

Answer 24

A, O

Question 25

B type blood can be donated to..

Answer 25

B, O

Question 26

AB can be given to

Answer 26

A, B, AB, and O can receive blood from anyone because of universal recipient

Question 27

O type blood can be given to

Answer 27

O can donated blood to anyone because universal donor

Question 28

Mutations

Answer 28

* are chance alterations of genetic material that arise spontaneously

Question 29

What happens if mutations occur?

Answer 29

if they occur in gamete producing cells: * they can be passed to offspring

Question 30

What is the frequency of gametes with mutations?

Answer 30

10^-1 to 10^-6

Question 31

What can mutations that result in a phenotypic variant be used for?

Answer 31

can be used by geneticists to follow gene transmission

Question 32

Allele frequency

Answer 32

is the percentage of the total number of gene copies for one allele in a population

Question 33

What is the most common and rare allele?

Answer 33

Most common: Wild (+) Rare: considered mutant allele

Question 34

Monomorphic gene

Answer 34

gene with only one common wild-type allele

Question 35

Polymorphic gene

Answer 35

gene with more than one common allele

Question 36

Common Variants

Answer 36

high frequency alleles of polymorphic genes

Question 37

Characteristics of Pleiotropic Genes

Answer 37

* Heterozygotes (Aa) can have a visible phenotype * Homozygotes (AY) can be lethal