Mendel and the Gene Flashcards
Trait
Any characteristic of an individual.
Polymorphic
Trait that appears commonly in two or more different forms.
Phenotype
Observable traits of an individual.
Pure Line
Individuals that produce offspring identical to themselves when they are self-fertilized or crossed to another member of the same pure-line population.
Autosomal Inheritance
The patterns of inheritance of any genes not on a sex chromosome.
Gene
Hereditary factor that influences a particular trait.
Allele
A particular form of a gene.
Genotype
List of alleles of a particular gene in an individual.
Hybrid
Offspring from crossing two homozygous parents with different genotypes.
Reciprocal Cross
A cross in which the phenotypes of the male and female are reversed compared to the prior cross.
Monohybrid Cross
A cross between two parents that are both heterozygous for one give gene.
Dihybrid Cross
A mating between two individuals who are heterozygous for two traits.
Independent Assortment
The concept that each pair of hereditary elements segregates independently of alleles of other genes during meiosis.
Alleles of unlinked genes assort independently during meiosis.
Dependent Assortment
The hypothesis that the transmission of a one particular allele would depend on the transmission of another.
Testcross
A parent with a dominant phenotype but unknown genotype is crossed with a parent that only contributes recessive traits.
Sex-Linked
Inheritance patterns observed in genes carried on sex chromosomes.
Linkage
The tendency of alleles of particular genes to be inherited together. Two genes on the same chromosome.
Recombinant
Possession of a new combination of alleles.
Codominance
An inheritance pattern pattern in which heterozygotes exhibit both of the traits seen in each type of homozygous individual.
Pleiotropic
A gene that influences many traits.
Incomplete Dominance
An inheritance pattern in which the phenotype of a heterozygous is in between phenotypes of homozygotes.
Discrete Traits
Traits that are clearly different from each other.
Polygenic Inheritance
Each of many different genes adds a small amount of value of the trait.
Mode of Transmission
Describes a trait as autosomal or sex-linked and the type of dominance of the allele.
Pedigree
Records the relationships between the individuals in a family along with each person’s sex and phenotype with respect to the trait in question.
Carriers
Heterozygous individuals that inherited a disease but carry a recessive allele for it.
