Mendel and the Gene

Question 1

Trait

Answer 1

Any characteristic of an individual.

Question 2

Polymorphic

Answer 2

Trait that appears commonly in two or more different forms.

Question 3

Phenotype

Answer 3

Observable traits of an individual.

Question 4

Pure Line

Answer 4

Individuals that produce offspring identical to themselves when they are self-fertilized or crossed to another member of the same pure-line population.

Question 5

Autosomal Inheritance

Answer 5

The patterns of inheritance of any genes not on a sex chromosome.

Question 6

Gene

Answer 6

Hereditary factor that influences a particular trait.

Question 7

Allele

Answer 7

A particular form of a gene.

Question 8

Genotype

Answer 8

List of alleles of a particular gene in an individual.

Question 9

Hybrid

Answer 9

Offspring from crossing two homozygous parents with different genotypes.

Question 10

Reciprocal Cross

Answer 10

A cross in which the phenotypes of the male and female are reversed compared to the prior cross.

Question 11

Monohybrid Cross

Answer 11

A cross between two parents that are both heterozygous for one give gene.

Question 12

Dihybrid Cross

Answer 12

A mating between two individuals who are heterozygous for two traits.

Question 13

Independent Assortment

Answer 13

The concept that each pair of hereditary elements segregates independently of alleles of other genes during meiosis.
Alleles of unlinked genes assort independently during meiosis.

Question 14

Dependent Assortment

Answer 14

The hypothesis that the transmission of a one particular allele would depend on the transmission of another.

Question 15

Testcross

Answer 15

A parent with a dominant phenotype but unknown genotype is crossed with a parent that only contributes recessive traits.

Question 16

Sex-Linked

Answer 16

Inheritance patterns observed in genes carried on sex chromosomes.

Question 17

Linkage

Answer 17

The tendency of alleles of particular genes to be inherited together. Two genes on the same chromosome.

Question 18

Recombinant

Answer 18

Possession of a new combination of alleles.

Question 19

Codominance

Answer 19

An inheritance pattern pattern in which heterozygotes exhibit both of the traits seen in each type of homozygous individual.

Question 20

Pleiotropic

Answer 20

A gene that influences many traits.

Question 21

Incomplete Dominance

Answer 21

An inheritance pattern in which the phenotype of a heterozygous is in between phenotypes of homozygotes.

Question 22

Discrete Traits

Answer 22

Traits that are clearly different from each other.

Question 23

Polygenic Inheritance

Answer 23

Each of many different genes adds a small amount of value of the trait.

Question 24

Mode of Transmission

Answer 24

Describes a trait as autosomal or sex-linked and the type of dominance of the allele.

Question 25

Pedigree

Answer 25

Records the relationships between the individuals in a family along with each person’s sex and phenotype with respect to the trait in question.

Question 26

Carriers

Answer 26

Heterozygous individuals that inherited a disease but carry a recessive allele for it.