Animal Form and Function

Question 1

Anatomy

Answer 1

an organism’s physical structure.

Question 2

Physiology

Answer 2

How the physical structures in an organism function.

Question 3

Adaptations

Answer 3

Genetic change in a population in response to natural selection exerted by the environment.

Question 4

Trade-Offs

Answer 4

Inescapable compromises between traits.

Question 5

Acclimatization

Answer 5

Phenotypic change in an individual in response to environment fluctuations.

Question 6

Loose Connective Tissue

Answer 6

Serves as a packing material to hold organs and tissues together.
i.e. Fibroblasts

Question 7

Dense Connective Tissue

Answer 7

Found in tendons and ligaments that connect muscles, bones, and organs. Secreted by fibroblasts.

Question 8

Supporting Connective Tissue

Answer 8

Provide structural support for the vertebrate body and enclosures for the nervous system.
i.e. Bone and cartilage

Question 9

Fluid Connective Tissue

Answer 9

Consists of cells surrounded by a liquid extracellular matrix.
i.e. Blood (plasma)

Question 10

Neurons

Answer 10

Transmit electrical signals, which are produced by changes in the permeability of the cell’s plasma membrane to ions.

Question 11

Dendrites

Answer 11

Facilitate transmission of signals from adjacent cells to neuronal body.

Question 12

Axons

Answer 12

Carry electrical signals from the cell body to other cells.

Question 13

Skeletal Muscle

Answer 13

Responsible for most body movements

muscle tissue

Question 14

Cardiac Muscle

Answer 14

Responsible for pumping blood throughout the body; coordinated contraction and relaxation.
(muscle tissue)

Question 15

Smooth Muscle

Answer 15

Help to move food through the digestive tract and regulate blood pressure.
(muscle tissue)

Question 16

Gland

Answer 16

An organ that secretes specific molecules or solutions. i.e. hormones or digestive enzymes.

Question 17

Epithelia Cells

Answer 17

Act as a barrier and protective layer.

Short life spans

Question 18

Apical Side

Answer 18

Faces away from other tissues and toward the environment.

Secretes mucus and is covered with cilia that helps sweep away dust, bacteria and viruses.

Question 19

Basolateral Side

Answer 19

Faces the interior and connects to connective tissues.

Question 20

Sensor

Answer 20

Structure that senses some aspect of the external or internal environment.

Question 21

Interegator

Answer 21

Evaluates the incoming sensory information in comparison to the set point.

Question 22

Effector

Answer 22

Structure that helps to restore the internal condition being monitored by the system.

Question 23

Condction

Answer 23

The direct transfer of heat between two physical bodies in contact with one another.

Question 24

Convection

Answer 24

Heat transferred between a solid and a gas or liquid.

Question 25

Radiation

Answer 25

Transfer of heat between two bodies that are not in direct physical contact.

Question 26

Evaporation

Answer 26

Phase change of liquid to gas. Heat loss only.

Question 27

Endotherm

Answer 27

Produces hear to warm its own tissues; high metabolic rates.
i.e. Humans

Question 28

Ectotherm

Answer 28

Relies on heat gained from the environment. Able to thrive on lower food intake.

Question 29

Homeotherms

Answer 29

Keep body temp constant.

Question 30

Poikilotherms

Answer 30

Allow body temp to rise and fall depending on environmental conditions.

Question 31

Torpor

Answer 31

An energy conserving state.

i.e. Hibernation

Question 32

Countercurrent Exchanger

Answer 32

Arrangement in which fluids flow through adjacent pipes in opposite directions. Key to minimizing heat loss.