MEMORY - working memory model

Question 1

who proposed the working-memory model?

Answer 1

• BADDELEY and HITCH

1974

Question 2

what are 2 essential points of the working-memory model?

Answer 2

• it suggests that memory is an active process that manipulates information
• it is an elaboration on short-term memory

Question 3

what are the 4 components of the working-memory model?

Answer 3

• central executive
• visuo-spatial sketchpad
  (broken into visual cache and inner scribe)
• episodic buffer
• phonological loop
  (broken down into phonological store and articulatory process)

Question 4

what are characteristics of the central executive?

Answer 4

• attentional process that distributes information to the other stores
• limited capacity

Question 5

what are characteristics of the visuo-spatial sketchpad?

Answer 5

• stores spatial information of objects
• LOGIE introduced inner scribe that records arrangement of objects and visual cache that stores visual date
• limited capacity of 3-4 objects

Question 6

what are characteristics of the episodic buffer?

Answer 6

(added in 2000)

• temporary information store including visual, spatial and verbal info
• time-sequences events
• limited capacity of 4 chunks

Question 7

what are characteristics of the phonological loop?

Answer 7

• deals with auditory information
• phonological store: stores verbal info
• articulatory process: allows maintenance rehearsal
• limited duration of 2 seconds

Question 8

EVALUATION

what did SHALLICE and WARRINGTON do? and how does this relate to the working-memory model?

Answer 8

• studied amnesia sufferer, KF
• could recall words he read himself better than words read to him
  so. ..
• supports the proposal that there are multiple stores for different short-term codings
  (acoustic and visual)

Question 9

EVALUATION

what did BADDELEY do? and how does this relate to the working-memory model?

Answer 9

• found that dual-task performance worsened when participants attempted to perform 2 visual tasks rather than a visual and verbal task
• two of the same actions compete for the same slave system
  so. ..
• supports the idea that there must be a separae store for verbal tasks than visual tasks

Question 10

EVALUATION

what did BADDELEY say? and how does this relate to the working-memory model?

Answer 10

• stated that the central executive is the least understood but most important section of the model
• some believe it may be broken down further to different processes
  so. ..
• means the model is incomplete and thus cannot provide sufficient explanation for how short-term memory is organised