MEMORY - types of long-term memory

Question 1

who proposed the types of long-term memory? and how many did they propose?

Answer 1

• TULVING

- 3 types of long-term memory

Question 2

what are the types of long-term memory?

Answer 2

• episodic
• semantic
• procedural

Question 3

what are the characteristics of episodic memory?

Answer 3

• recollection of ‘episodes’ of life
• time-stamped
• contain many elements such as people/places
• require conscious effort to recall

Question 4

what are the characteristics of semantic memory?

Answer 4

• ‘facts’ and meanings of words
• not time-stamped
• require conscious effort to recall

Question 5

what are the characteristics of procedural memory?

Answer 5

• memory of how one performs actions
• not time-stamped
• does not require conscious effort to recall

Question 6

EVALUATION

CLIVE WEARING case study

Answer 6

• procedural and semantic memory was intact
  (knew the meanings of words and how to play music still)
• episodic memory severly damaged
  so…
• supports TULVING’s proposal that there are multiple forms of long-term memory

Question 7

EVALUATION

what did TULVING do? and how does this relate to the types of long-term memory?

Answer 7

• asked participants to perform various recall tasks and scanned their brain when doing so
• saw left prefrontal cortex associated with semantic memory, the right associated with episodic memory
  so. ..
• provides neorimaging evidence that supports that there are separate stores devoted to different forms of long-term memory

Question 8

EVALUATION

what did BELLEVILLE do? and how does this relate to the types of long-term memory?

Answer 8

• demonstrates a real-life application, as episodic memory may be improved in elderly patients who suffer from cognitive impairment
  (episodic memory is most likely to deteriorate)
  so…
• allows appropriate therapy to be developed if memory types can be distinguished between
  (positive economical implications)