Memory - WMM and Forgetting Flashcards
To understand the basics of the Working Memory Model and also to recap on previous information that was not well learned.
What do we mean by the term encoding?
Encoding refers to how we store information in memory
Give two ways in which information could be encoded - define each.
Acoustically, semantically, proceedurally, visually, phonologically, episodically
Is the capacity of STM larger or smaller than that of the Sensory Memory Store?
Smaller
What is the duration of STM without rehearsal?
18-30 seconds
What is the capacity of STM?
5-9 items (7+-2)
Can you identify one study that investigated capacity in STM?
Jacobs, Miller, etc
What is the duration of the Sensory Memory store?
Less than 1-2 seconds (i.e. very short)
What do we mean by proceedural memory?
Remembering HOW we do something - eg. riding a bike
Which part of the WMM monitors and controls the function of the ‘slave systems’
Central Executive
Name one ‘slave system’
Episodic Buffer, Visuo-spatial sketchpad, Phonological Loop
This element of the the WMM encodes speech sounds by repeating them over and over again
Phonological Loop
This element of the WMM temporarily stores information and integrates it creating a mental construct of what is happening at any given time
Episodic Buffer
This element of the WMM encodes visual information of spearate objects and their arrangement in the visual field
Visuo-spatial sketchpad
This element would allow you to make a good attempt at navigating through a crowd of people
Visuo-spatial sketchpad
This element would be crucial when trying to remember what somebody just said
Phonological Loop
The phonological loop can be subdivided into two part sometimes known as the inner voice and the inner ear. What are the correct terms?
Phonological Store - Articulatory process
Identify 2 theories of why we might forget new information. Summarise each theory in one sentence. One mark for correct identification and one mark for brief description.
- TRACE DECAY - suggests that the chemical change / memory trace in the brain fades over time and disappears. 2. DISPLACEMENT - as new information enters short term memory other information is moved out or displaced which means it can no longer be rehearsed. 3. INTERFERENCE This idea suggests that information in long term memory may become confused or combined with other information during encoding thus distorting or disrupting memories. 4. LACK OF CONSOLIDATION - whereby the process of permanent chemical change in the brain does not occur and information is not stored in long term memory.
