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ap psychology > memory unit (unit 1) > Flashcards

memory unit (unit 1) Flashcards

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1
Q

we develop our memory overtime ,……..

A

through our lifespan.

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2
Q

sensory memory

A

a very short memory of senses

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3
Q

short-term memory

A

memory that can hold up to seven items briefly

ex: phone numbers are 7 digits because of this

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4
Q

long-term memory

A

relatively permanent & limitless storage of memories, ex, knowledge, skills, experiences

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5
Q

encoding:

A

getting info into the memory system

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6
Q

storage:

A

retaining encoded information overtime.

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7
Q

retrieval:

A

getting information out of the memory system.

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8
Q

effortful processing

A

active processing, information requires effort to be processed

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9
Q

automatic processing

A

unconscious processing of information, ex: learning how to ride a bike

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10
Q

explicit memory

A

memories we can consciously declare (remember)

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11
Q

implicit memory

A

memories that are independent of conscious recollection (ex: riding a bike)

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12
Q

shallow processing

A

processing on a surface level (meaningless, easier to forget)

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13
Q

deep processing

A

processing on a deeper level (meaningful, easier to remember)

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14
Q

working memory

A

memory we use for immediate mental use, adds conscious processing of new information and information from our long-term memory.

(ex: holding a number in mind when solving a math problem)

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15
Q

chunking

A

grouping of information

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16
Q

mnemonics

A

linking words together that become relatable information, helps remember that information
ex: making up a story from words, acronyms, etc.

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17
Q

hierarchy:

A

order of information

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18
Q

Are our long term memories stored in a specific location of the brain?

A

No, we store long term memories throughout our brain networks.

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19
Q

hippocampus

A

holds short term memories and transfers them into long term storage.

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20
Q

cerebellum

A

helps form and store the implicit memories created by classical conditioning.

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21
Q

basal ganglia

A

facilitates formation of procedural memories for skills.

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22
Q

intense emotions can lead to….

A

more deeper engraving of memories in brain

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23
Q

increase at synapses lead to…

A

quicker, easier memory processing

24
Q

external cues, internal emotions & order of appearance lead to….

A

retrieval cues: easier to remember that memory

25
Q

why do we forget?

A

aging, physiological interruptions, encoding failure

26
Q

misinformation effect

A

occurs when misleading information distorts one’s memory of an event

ex: an eyewitness being asked “did you see the broken light” instead of “did you see a broken light”

27
Q

false memories

A

we fill in the gaps of stories. we remember the overall assumptions better than the details themselves.

28
Q

source amnesia

A

faulty memory for how, when and where information was learned/ imagined

29
Q

random assignment

A

randomly assigning the participant group in an experiment to either control or experimental group. 50% chance of ending up in each group.

30
Q

random selection

A

randomly selecting the sample group from the total population. relates to correlational study.

31
Q

case study

A

research design going deep on a single subject or case, usually an article.

32
Q

correlational study

A

examines the relationship between two variables, there is usually choice allowed, no specific data, one does not cause the other to happen.
ex: number of hours studied & exam scores

33
Q

experiment

A

there is a hypothesis, control & experimental groups, specific data and the two variables have a cause and effect relationship.

34
Q

meta analysis

A

statistical or experimental methods of studies with the same questions are analyzed for common techniques, results or disagreements. BIIG amount of data

35
Q

cognition

A

mental activities related to thinking, knowing, communicating, remembering.

36
Q

concept

A

mental group of similar ideas, objects, events or people.

37
Q

prototype

A

best example of a category

38
Q

creativity

A

ability to produce new and valuable ideas

39
Q

convergent thinking

A

providing a single solution to a problem (ex: a math problem)

40
Q

divergent thinking

A

multiple solutions to a problem, creative thinking that expands in different directions

41
Q

expertise

A

component of creativity: well developed knowledge

42
Q

imaginative thinking skills

A

component of creativity: ability to see things in novel ways, create connections

43
Q

venturesome personality

A

component of creativity:
seeks new experiences, perseveres, tolerates ambiguity & risk

44
Q

intrinsic motivation

A

being driven more by interest & satisfaction & challenge than by external pressures (extrinsic motivation)

45
Q

creative environment

A

sparks, supports and refines creative ideas

46
Q

algorithm

A

methodological rule/procedure that guarantees a solution but requires time & effort

47
Q

intuition

A

fast, automatic feelings& thoughts based on experience

48
Q

insight

A

sudden aha! reaction : instant solution

49
Q

heuristic

A

simple thinking shortcut that enables quick& efficient decisions

50
Q

fixation

A

inability to view problems from a different angle

51
Q

confirmation bias

A

tendency to search for support for your own views

52
Q

overconfidence

A

overestimating the accuracy of your beliefs & judgments

53
Q

creativity

A

ability to produce novel & valuable ideas

54
Q

framing

A

wording a question/statement so that it evokes a desired response

55
Q

belief perseverance

A

holding on to your beliefs even after they are proven wrong.

ap psychology (5 decks)

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