Memory - The Multi Store Model Of Memory Flashcards
What is memory encoding?
Transforming information to put it into memory.
What is memory storage?
Maintaining information in our minds.
What is memory retrieval?
Taking information out of memory storage.
What is memory recall?
Consciously re-accessing a memory without having to be reminded of it first
What is the multi-store memory model?
The multi-store memory model (MSM) represents how memory is stored, transferred between the different stores, retrieved and forgotten.
There are 3 stores: the sensory register, short-term memory and long-term memory.
What is capacity, duration and coding?
Capacity = how much information can be stored.
Duration = how long information can be stored for.
Coding = what format information is stored in.
What is the coding capacity and duration of the sensory registers?
Duration: 1-2 seconds
Capacity: very large
Coding: sensory
What is the coding capacity and duration of short-term memory?
Duration: 18-30 seconds
Capacity: 7+/-2 items
Coding: acoustic
Who investigated duration of STM?
Peterson and Peterson
Who investigated the capacity of the STM?
Jacobs
- Conducted a digit span test, where the amount of numbers you can recall correctly is the capacity of your short-term memory.
- The results indicated that participants could recall a maximum of 7+/-2 letters or numbers, suggesting that the capacity of short-term memory is limited.
Who investigated process of chunking?
Miller
- Found that participants were able to recall more than 7+2 items.
- This was done when items of information were grouped together, through a process called chunking.
- Chunking grouping pieces of information together
What was Baddeley study on STM and LTM?
- Assessed whether coding in short-term memory and long-term memory is mainly acoustic or semantic.
- Asked participants to recall one of four words that either sounded similar, sounded different had similar meanings or had a different meaning.
- Found that participants had more difficulty recalling acoustically similar words when tested immediately after learning and more difficulty recalling semantically similar words 20 minutes after learning.
- In short-term memory, you rely on what the words sound like to remember them so mainly acoustic coding is used.
What was Bahricks study on the long term memory?
Investigated the duration of long-term memory by asking adults to remember the names of their classmates at 15 years and 48 years after they had left school
- Tested both memory recall and memory recognition finding that memory recognition was stronger
What was Baddeleys study into long-term memory?
Assess whether the coding in short-term memory and long-term memory is mainly acoustic or semantic.
- long-term memory you can rely on what the words mean to remember them so mainly coding is used
Explain the multi-store memory model in four points
- developed by Atkinson and Shiffrin to explain how we transfer information across memory stores
- There are three different memory stores
- the flow of information is uni directional meaning that it travels in One Direction
- Information must pass through previous stores to move onto the next
What did Tulving identified to be the three stores of long-term memory?
Episodic
Semantic
Procedurel
What is semantic memory?
Declarative memories and they are knowledge of facts and definitions that we accumulate in our lives which may include facts about ourselves.
What is the episodic memory?
Declarative memories, a detailed memory from a specific event that we have experienced in our own lives, containing personal information about the actual experience. E.g. what happened when where and how we felt.
What is procedural memory?
Non-declarative and memory of how to perform actions and skills.
