Aggression - Social Psychological Explanations Of Human Aggression Flashcards
What is the frustration aggression I bought this and who identified it?
Dollard et al:
- All aggression is caused by frustration, which is when you are prevented from achieving your goals.
- aggression is caused by environmental factors.
- When people behaviour aggressively they experience catharsis and their negative feelings go away.
- closer proximity to go the more frustrated the person will get
What is catharsis?
Releasing strong emotions, therefore providing relief.
What will happen if you are unable to direct aggression at what has caused the frustration?
You displace your aggression onto someone or something else.
What are the three factors that increase aggression according to the frustration aggression hypothesis?
Proximity to goal
Effectiveness of aggression
Justifiability of the frustrating event
How does proximity to goal affect aggression?
The closer you are to the goal the more likely you are to behaviour aggressively when prevented from achieving it.
How does effectiveness of aggression increase aggression?
The more effective aggression is for helping you to reach a goal, the more likely are to behave aggressively.
How does the justifiability of the frustrating event affect aggression?
People are less likely to be aggressive if the frustrating situation preventing them from achieving their goal is justified.
What does a social learning theory of aggression argue that?
- Aggression is learned through observation and imitation of role models.
- Thus aggression is caused by the environment not genetics.
What is identification?
An individual is more likely to imitate aggressive behaviour if they identify with the model.
What is vicarious reinforcement?
An individual is more likely to imitate aggressive behaviour if the model is rewarded for their aggressive behaviour.
What are the mediational processes?
Attention: noticing and observing a models behaviour
Retention: remembering the behaviour that has been observed.
Reproduction: having the skills and ability to replicate the observed behaviour
Motivation: the will to perform the behaviour which is often determined by the rewards or the punishment that follow it.
What is the deindividuation?
People display more aggression in large groups as they lose their sense of individual identity and responsibility, causing them to no longer be inhibited by social norms.
What two factors increase the likelihood of the deindividuation?
- The size of the group increases.
- When anonymous clothing is worn.
What did Zimbardo find about deindividuation?
Found that when participants felt anonymous due to wearing uniforms and sunglasses, they were significantly more likely to perform aggressive acts.
Zimbardo concluded that when people feel anonymous, they lose awareness of their responsibility and their inhibitions are reduced which caused them to be aggressive.
