Memory & The Human Lifespan

Question 0

Where are the cortical regions of the brain? (cortex?)

Answer 0

Higher and more outward parts of brain

Question 1

What is the corpus callosum?

Answer 1

Connecting fibers between 2 hemispheres of the brain

Question 2

What does the cortex control?

Answer 2

Higher brain functions

Question 3

What are the 4 lobes of the cortex?

Answer 3

1. Parietal
2. Temporal
3. Occipital
4. Frontal

Question 4

What 3 lobes analyze signals coming Into the brain?

Answer 4

1. Parietal
2. Temporal
3. Occipital

Question 5

What does the parietal lobe analyze?

Answer 5

Signals from seeing & touch

Question 6

What does the temporal lobe analyze?

Answer 6

Signals from hearing

Question 7

What does the occipital lobe analyze?

Answer 7

Signals from seeing

Question 8

Where is the hippocampus located?

Answer 8

Medial temporal lobe

Question 9

What does the hippocampus do?

Answer 9

Help form new memories

Question 10

Where are the sub-cortical regions of the brain?

Answer 10

Lower more inward parts of the brain

Question 11

What is episodic memory?

Answer 11

Memories of events from our own lives we remember as an episode we see playing

Question 12

Episodic memory is sometimes also known by what name?

Answer 12

Autobiographical memory

Question 13

Where is the cerebellum?

Answer 13

Back of the brain

Question 14

What is semantic memory?

Answer 14

Facts learned in the past, the answer just seems to appear

Question 15

What causes information to go from episodic memory to semantic memory?

Answer 15

Repeated exposure in different contexts

Question 16

What is procedural memory?

Answer 16

Controls fine motor skills

Question 17

What other name is procedural memory known by?

Answer 17

Muscle memory

Question 18

What is sensory memory?

Answer 18

Fading copies of some stimulus

Question 19

What is echoic memory?

Answer 19

Audio memory held onto for 3-5 seconds

Question 20

Echoic memory is 1 type of _______memory.

Answer 20

Sensory

Question 21

How does lack of sleep affect working memory?

Answer 21

Able to hold onto less things at one time

Question 22

What is method of loci?

Answer 22

A way of learning something by associating with something already known, for example a morning routine.

Question 23

What is the lesson of mnemonics?

Answer 23

It’s not enough to just listen, you need to encode information deeply.

Question 24

What are 3 things to do while encoding to strengthen memory?

Answer 24

1. Organization
2. Association
3. Dual coding

Question 25

What is the dual coding hypothesis?

Answer 25

We will remember things better if we are able to store copies in different parts of the brain, for example by turning words into pictures and storing both.

Question 26

How are mnemonic strategies & rote memorization almost opposite?

Answer 26

Mnemonic strategies require a lot of work up front, whereas rote memorization requires little effort at one time; but mnemonic strategies require less repetition to recall, while rote memorization requires a lot of repetition.

Question 27

What happens if you hear the same claim over & over?

Answer 27

It becomes part of semantic memory & you forget where you learned it.

Question 28

Why do politicians use the same talking points?

Answer 28

If people hear the same thing multiple times from multiple people, eventually it will make it into their semantic memory and they will believe it is fact even though they don’t remember who said it and it might not be true.

Question 29

What are 3 reasons we forget?

Answer 29

1. Failure to encode
2. Interference theory - previous or subsequent experiences can interfere with the ability to remember another experience
3. Retrieval failure - if we encode something but don’t review it, it becomes buried under so much new encoding that without some kind of retrieval cue we are unlikely to be able to retrieve it