Memory - Test 3 Flashcards
1
Q
Memory
A
- encoding, storing and retrieving information
2
Q
sensory memory
A
- info enters via our sensory organs
- can hold vast amounts of information
- after-image or sound lingers briefly after the stimulus (s) is removed
3
Q
Iconic memory (visual S)
A
- lasts a fraction of a second
4
Q
Echoic memory (auditory S)
A
- lasts 3-4 secs
5
Q
Short term memory
A
- sometimes called “working memory”
- can hold unrehearsed info for 20 secs
- has a limited capacity (holds 5-9 items at a time)
- information loss can be due to decay or displacement
- rehearsal is required to maintain info in STM
6
Q
Chunking
A
- a chunk is a group of familiar S stored in a single unit
- increases the capacity of STM
- IBM-CTV-CBC-FBI is easier to recall due to chunking than IB-MCT-VC-BCF-BI- 12 individual letters reduced to 4 meaningful chunks
7
Q
What are the 3 components of “working memory”
A
1) auditory rehearsal
2) visual-spatial information
3) central executive
8
Q
How is information transferred from STM to LTM
A
1) Maintenance rehearsal: serves to keep words “alive” in STM
a) create hierarchies
b) visual imagery
c) weaving words into a story
2) Elaborative rehearsal: you try to recall info by creating associations
3) Mnemonics- formal memory aids
9
Q
Long-term memory (LTM)
A
- unlimited capacity
- info stored indefinitely
- difficult to substantiate
- no convincing evidence to support claims
10
Q
Levels of processing LTM
A
the deeper the processing the better the long-term retention
11
Q
Shallow processing
A
- processing the appearance of the word
12
Q
Deeper processing
A
processing the sound of a word
13
Q
Deepest processing
A
process the meaning of the word
14
Q
Procedural memory
A
- memory for skills, actions, implicit memories (info was unintentionally or unconsciously learned)
- text refers to this as “automatic processing”
15
Q
Declarative memory
A
- memory for information/facts, explicit memories (info was intentionally or consciously learned)
- text refers to this as “effortful processing”
