Memory systems (7.1) Flashcards
Memory
Collection of several systems that store information in different forms for different amounts of time
Atkinson - Shiffrin model
Includes 3 memory stores
Stores
Retain information in memory without using it for a specific purpose (short term memory, long term memory, sensory memory)
Control process
Shift information from one memory store to another
Attention
Selects which information will be passed on to STM
Encoding
The process of storing information in the LTM system
Retrival
Brings information from LTM back to STM
Sensory memory
Memory store that accurately holds perceptual information for a very brief amount of time
Iconic memory
Visual form of sensory memory
Echoic memory
Auditory form of sensory memory
Short term memory
A memory store with limited capacity and duration (approx. 30s)
Chunking
Organizing smaller units of information into larger more meaningful chunks
Long term memory
Holds information for extended periods time, if not permanently
Tip of tongue (TOT) phenomenon
When you are able to retrieve similar sounding words or words that start with the same letter, but can’t quite retrieve the word you actually want
Serial position effect
In general most people will recall the first few items from a list and the last few items but only a few from the middle
Productive interference
A process in which the first information learned occupies memory, leaving fewer resources left to remember newer information
Retroactive interference
Most recently learned info overshadows older memories that have not yet made it into long - term memory
The phonological loop
A storage component of working memory that relies on rehearsal and that stores information as sounds or as auditory cords
Word - length effect
People remember more- one syllable words then four or five syllable words
Visuospatial sketchpad
Storage component of working memory that maintains visual images and spatial layouts in a visuospatial code
Feature binding
The process of combining visual features into a single unit
Episodic buffer
A storage component of working memory that combines the image and sounds from the other two components into coherent story - like episodes
The central executive
The control center of working memory; it coordinates attention and the exchange of information among three storage components
Non - declarative memories (implicit memories)
Include actions or behaviors that you can remember and preform without awareness
