Infancy and childhood: cognitive and emotional development (10.2)

Question 1

Sensitive periods

Answer 1

Windows of time during which exposure to a specific type of environmental stimulation is needed for normal development of specific ability

Question 2

Cognitive development

Answer 2

The study of changes in memory thought and reasoning process that occur throughout the lifespan

Question 3

Assimilation

Answer 3

Fitting new information into the belief system you already possess

Question 4

Accomodation

Answer 4

A creative process whereby people modify their belief system based on experience

Question 5

Sensorimotor

Answer 5

Stage 1: Spans from birth to 2 years, during which infants thinking and exploring the world are based on immediate sensory and motor experiences

Question 6

Object permanance

Answer 6

The ability to understand that objects exist even when they cannot be directly perceived

Question 7

Preoperational stage

Answer 7

Stage 2: Spans from 2-7 and is devoted to language development and the use of symbols, pretend play and mastering the art of conversation

Question 8

Conservation

Answer 8

The knowledge that the quantity of or amount of an object is not the same as the physical appearance of that object

Question 9

Concrete operational stage

Answer 9

Stage 3: Ages 7 -11, children develop skills in logical thinking and manipulating numbers

Question 10

Formal operational stage

Answer 10

Stage 4: Ages 11 to adulthood, involves the development of advanced cognitive processes such as abstract reasoning and hypothetical thinking

Question 11

The zone of proximal development

Answer 11

Development is ideal when children attempt skills and activities that are just beyond what they can do alone, but they have guidance from adults who are attenuative to their progress

Question 12

Attachment

Answer 12

The enduring emotional bond formed between individuals, initially between infants and caregivers

Question 13

Strange situation test

Answer 13

A way of measuring infant attachment by observing how infants behave when exposed to different experiences that involve anxiety and comfort

Question 14

Secure attachment

Answer 14

The caregiver is a secure base that the child turns towards occasionally

Question 15

Anxious/Ambivalent insecure attachment

Answer 15

The caregiver is a base of security that the child relies on to much (clingy)

Question 16

Avoidant insecure attachment

Answer 16

The child behaves as though they do not require the caregiver (ignores)

Question 17

Disorganized attachment

Answer 17

(instability) child has learned that caregivers are sources of both fear and comfort (indecisive)

Question 18

Attachement behaviour systmem

Answer 18

Focused on meeting our own needs for security

Question 19

Caregiving behavioural system

Answer 19

Focused on meeting the needs of others

Question 20

Introjection

Answer 20

The internalization of the conditional regard of significant others

Question 21

Inductive discipline

Answer 21

Which involves explaining the consequences of a child’s actions on other people, activating empath for others feelings

Question 22

Self awarenss

Answer 22

The ability to recognize ones individuality

Question 23

Egocentric

Answer 23

They consider only their own perspective

Question 24

Theory of mind

Answer 24

The ability to understand that other people have thoughts beliefs and perspectives that may be different from ones own