Memory studies Flashcards
Jacobs STM
> Had to repeat string of letters/ numbers with some being added, until they cannot remember them.
Majority of pps remember 9.3 numbers and 7.3 letters. >Capacity = 7+/- 2
Wagenaar LTM
> Diary of 2400 events over 6 years.
Tested himself on recall of events, he had excellent recall of events
capacity must be v large
Peterson & Peterson
> Lab experiment
nonsense trigrams
count back in 3s from a 3 digit number to prevent rehearsal between 3- 18 seconds
80-90% recalled after 3 seconds, 10% after 18. >Capacity= 18 seconds without rehearsal, decay happens quickly without rehearsal.
Bahrick et al
> High school graduates
400 pps 17-74
recognition or recall task with yearbook. >Recognition: 90% accurate after 15 years
70-80% accurate after 48 years.
Recall: 60% after 15 years, 30% after 48 years. So recognition Better than recall.
LONG DURATION
Miller
Review of earlier research on STM capacity,
found it to be 7+/- 2,
can increased by chunking.
Baddely
> Four words either acoustically similar/dissimilar or similar/dissimilar in meaning
independent groups
pps had to recall words either immediately (STM) or after 20 mins (LTM).
STM affected by acoustically similar, suggesting it is encoded acoustically.
LTM affected by semantically similar words, suggesting LTM is encoded semantically.
KF
> KF had amnesia after a motorbike accident
His STM was bad when info was heard
His STM improved when he read info
Suggests there is more than one STM store, one verbal one visual
Clive Wearing
> Brain was damages by a virus
> Has procedural memory but damaged semantic and episodic
Walsh and Thompson
Found that sensory store had an average duration of 500 milliseconds, decreases with age
Tulving
> 6 pps including himself and his wife
lay on sofa think about either episodic/semantic memory
Radioactive gold injected and brains scanned
Conclusion: different brain areas are involved with semantic and episodic memories
