Memory: Retrieval

Question 1

What concept of memory did Morris et al (1977) demonstrate?

Answer 1

Transfer-appropriate processing

Question 2

Morris et al (1977) conducted a study where words were encoded using either deep or shallow tasks; what did they find?

Answer 2

• Semantically encoded (deep task) words were better remembered
• rhyme encoded items remembered better when cued with rhyming
• encoding and retrieval are interconnected

Question 3

What is content addressable memory?

Answer 3

Memory can be found by knowing the content

Question 4

What does Clark and Gronlund’s (1996) Global Matching Model suggest about cues?

Answer 4

Retrieval reflects the match between a cue and all stored memory traces

Question 5

What does McLelland et al’s (1995) Complementary Learning Systems Model suggest about cues?

Answer 5

Episodic memory representations are stored in the cortex; a partial cue triggers pattern completion by the hippocampus

Question 6

What does Harris argue about similarity of events and cues?

Answer 6

When events in our lives become similar to each other, it’s more difficult to find distinctive (diagnostic) cues to retrieve individual events

Question 7

How does episodic reinstatement occur?

Answer 7

• if partial cue overlaps with memory trace, it triggers recollection
• which reinstates the rest of the memory trace