Memory :Overall Revision Flashcards
Who created the multi-store model of memory?
Atkinson and Shiffrin (1968)
What is the multi-store model of memory?
It is a theoretical cognitive model of how the memory system process information.
What is the 1st store of the multi-store model of memory?
Sensory Register
What does the sensory register receive?
It receives raw sense impressions
-> Attention passes info to the STM
What is the coding of the sensory register?
Modality specific
What is the duration of the sensory register?
Very large
What is the capacity of the sensory register?
Very short (250 ms)
What is the 2nd store of the multi-store model of memory?
Short Term Memory (STM)
What is the coding of the STM?
Acoustic (sounds)
What is the duration of the STM?
18- 30 seconds
What is the capacity of the STM
7 +/-2 items
What does the STM receive?
It receives info from the sensory register by paying attention OR from the LTM by retrieval
How can info in the STM be lost?
Displacement (new info enters the STM)
Decay (lost over time)
What is the 3rd store in the multi-store model of memory?
Long Term Memory (LTM)
What is the coding of the LTM?
Semantic (meaning)
What is the duration of the LTM?
Forever
What is the capacity of the LTM?
Unlimited
What research shows that STM and LTM are separate?
Glanzer & Cunitz
What did the Glanzer & Cunitz research show?
Found that words at the start and end of a word lists are more easily recalled (primacy and regency effect)
–> Suggest 1st words in LTM and last words in STM, but middle words were displaced.
What are negatives about the multi-store model of memory?
- Cognitive Tests about MSM: low mundane realism and low ecological validity
- There are different types of LTM
- The capacity of the STM can be changed ( age + practice)
What did the Jacobs research show?
Found the recall for lists of letters and 9 for numbers
–> suggests the STM has limited capacity of 7+/-2
–> But can be improved through chunking
What research shows the capacity of the STM?
Jacobs
