Memory: Multi-Store Model of Memory Flashcards
Including capacity, coding & duration
What’s the duration of memory??
Length of time info can be held in memory.
STM is 18-30 seconds & LTM lasts forever
What’s coding in Memory??
The format in which information is stored (‘how’)
STM is coded acoustically & LTM is coded semantically
What’s capacity in Memory??
The amount of information that can be held in a memory store.
The span of STM is 7 items +/- 2 .
What are the 2 studies that evaluated duration of memory??
- Baddeley (1966)
- Bahrick (1975)
What did Baddeley in 1966 do??
Gave different lists of words to 4 groups: sounded similar, sounded different, same meaning, different meaning.
If ppts had to recall their list immediately: Worse with words sounding similar
Recall after a time interval: Worse with words with same meaning
What did Bahrick in 1975 do??
392 ppts between 17-74. Used high school yearbooks to assess LTM. Found that ppts tested within 15 years of graduation were 90% accurate in photo recognition & 48 years declined to 70%
What is the study that evaluates capacity in memory??
Miller (1956): Found that span of STM is 7 items +/- 2. Able to do this by chunking smaller pieces of info together
What is the study that evaluates coding in memory??
Peterson & Peterson (1959): 24 students each asked to remember a trigram e.g. HYK & a 3-digit number. Asked to count backwards in 3’s from this number to prevent rehearsal of trigram. Found that length of time (seconds) students were asked to count for affected their recall
What’s the Multi-store Model of Memory??
Shows us the journey of information from when we take it (our senses) to the LTM
What are 2 of the 5 sensory registers??
Iconic: Visual information coded visually
Echoic: Auditory information coded acoustically
Give 3 features of material in the sensory register??
- Only lasts a few seconds
- High capacity
- Little passes into memory unless it’s paid attention to
