Memory - MSM Flashcards
Draw a diagram of the MSM
What is the capacity of STM and LTM
STM - 7+/-2 items of info
LTM - Limitless
What is the duration for STM and LTM
STM - 18-30 seconds
LTM - Up to a lifetime
How are STM and LTM encoded?
Who did research on this?
STM - Mainly acoustically
LTM - Mainly semantically
Baddely (1966)
What are the 5 types of SM
Iconic (sight)
Echoic (sound)
Haptic (touch)
Olfactory (smell)
Gustatory (taste)
Who researched the CAPACITY of STM?
What did they do?
What did they find?
Miller (1956)
Asked ppts to recall info, adding on an extra bit as he moved on (like the game ‘i went to the shops’
Starting ppts with 2-3 words to recall, gradually built up until errors were made
Found that most ppts struggled with between 5-9 words (7+/-2)
Who researched the DURATION of STM
What did they do?
What did they find?
Peterson + Peterson (1959)
Ppts had to recall nonsense trigrams
Trigrams were presented 1 at a time, and had to be recalled after intervals of 3,6,9,12,15 or 18 seconds for each trial
During delay, ppts counted back from 300 in 3’s (to prevent rehearsal)
Found that duration of STM was 18-30 seconds
Who researched ENCODING in STM?
What did they do?
What did they find?
Baddely (1966)
Gave ppts 4 lists of words to learn which were either:
Acoustically similar
Acoustically dissimilar
Semantically similar
Semantically dissimilar
Words presented visually as part of slide show
Words had to be recalled in order presented
STM - asked for recall of words IMMEDIATELY
LTM - asked for recall of words after 20 minute task
Found ppts in STM group had difficulty recalling words acoustically similar
Ppts in LTM group had difficulty recalling words that were semantically similar
Which researcher belongs to the case study on epilepsy pateint HM?
What did he find? (results and conclusions)
Milner et al (1966)
HM did have the ability to learn new motor skills, so his procedural memory was intact BIT he couldn’t make new episodic or semantic memories.
He had a working memory as he was able to hold conversations, his issue was that his STM and LTM were no longer connected
Supports the distinction between LTM and STM
Limitation - MSM treats LTM as one single unit, but case of HM suggests otherwise
