Memory Models: MSM (1968) Flashcards
Who proposed this memory model?
Atkinson and Shiffrin (1968)
What is meant by information being processed in a linear fashion?
Information is processed through a system in a set order, such as encoding, storing, and retrieving.
List the 3 main sections of MSM in order.
- Sensory store
- Short term memory
- Long term memory
State the capacity, duration, and type of encoding for the sensory store.
Capacity = 4 items Duration = 1/2 a second Encoding = all modalities
How is information lost in the sensory store?
Through decay or for not being paid attention to in the first place.
How does information move from the sensory store to short term memory?
If it is paid attention to.
State the capacity, duration, and type of encoding for the short term memory.
Capacity = 5-9 items Duration = 15-30 seconds Encoding = acoustic
How does information stay in short term memory?
Through repetition of items in the rehearsal loop.
How is information lost in the short term memory?
Through decay from not rehearsing enough or displacement when capacity of items reaches the max.
How does information move back and forth between short term memory and long term memory?
Transferring info from the STM into the LTM and retrieving info from the LTM into the STM
Using an example, briefly summarise Miller’s (1956) theory of ‘chunking’.
More information can be recalled by grouping similar items together to reduce a larger capacity down to smaller groups, such as splitting an 11 digit phone number into 3 sections.
State the capacity, duration, and type of encoding for the long term memory.
Capacity = unlimited Duration = infinite Encoding = semantic
How is information lost in the long term memory?
Through decay of not being retrieved enough to rehearse or if there is retrieval/transfer failure.
What is the ‘tip-on-the-tongue’ phenomenon and who proposed it?
Brown and McNeill (1966) described this concept as not being able to fully recall a memory but knowing different aspects of it.
How does the ‘tip-on-the-tongue- phenomenon relate to long term memory?
It suggests that there are multiple traces of a single memory fragmented into different aspects of the whole.