Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Psychology > Memory models > Flashcards

Memory models Flashcards

You may prefer our related Brainscape-certified flashcards:
Psychology 101 flashcards GRE® Psychology flashcards AP® Psychology flashcards
1
Q

What is memory?

A

Memory is the process by which we retain and recall information about events that have happened in the past.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What is STM?

A

Your memory for immediate events, which disappears if not rehearsed.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

What is LTM?

A

Your memory for events that have happened in the past from anywhere between 2 minutes and 100 years ago. It is the permanent memory store.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

What is the sensory register?

A

A part of memory that stores a huge amount information from our senses for a very brief amount of time (about half a second).

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

What is duration?

A

The length of time information can be held in the memory store.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

What is capacity?

A

The amount of information that can be stored.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

What is coding?

A

The format in which information is stored in the memory stores. It’s the process of converting information from one format to another.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

What is the capacity of STM?

A

Limited - between 5 and 9 items.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

What is the duration of STM?

A

(18 to 20s) Roughly up to 30 seconds.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

How is STM coded?

A

Acoustically

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

What is the capacity of LTM?

A

Potentially unlimited.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

What is the duration of LTM?

A

potentially up to a lifetime.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

How is LTM coded?

A

Semantically

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

What is a model of memory?

A

A model of memory is a representation of memory. It is based on available evidence. A model provides us with an analogy of how memory works.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

What did Atkinson and Shiffrin (1968) suggest about memory?

A

That memory is made up of three unitary (separate/different) stores:
- The sensory register
- Short-term memory
- Long-term memory

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

What was the multi-store model of memory?

A

The first complex model of human memory that suggested that each store is different/separate (unitary) and information is transferred from one store to another in a fixed, linear sequence.

17
Q

What are the 5 stores of the sensory register?

A

Iconic store for visual information, echoic store for sound information, haptic store for tactile information, olfactory for smell information, and gustatory for taste information.

18
Q

What is the capacity of the sensory register?

A

High (e.g. Over 1 hundred million cells in one eye.

19
Q

What is the duration of the sensory register?

A

Less than 0.5 seconds.

20
Q

How much information is lost from the sensory register?

A

95-99% lost as we do not pay attention to it.

21
Q

How is the sensory register coded?

A

Each store of the sensory register are coded differently

22
Q

How does information transfer from the sensory register to the STM?

A

Attention

23
Q

How is information transferred from the LTM to STM (MSM)?

A

It is retrieved from LTM to STM then used as a response in your STM.

24
Q

How is information transferred from STM to LTM (MSM)?

A

Prolonged rehearsal.

25
Q

How does information stay in STM (MSM)?

A

Maintenance rehearsal.

26
Q

What is an episodic memory?

3 details

A

Our ability to recall personal life events (episodes). These are time-stamped (you remember when they happened). They are complex as a memory of a single episode will include several elements e.g. people, places, objects and behaviours that are interwoven to produce a single memory. You have to make a conscious effort to recall episodic memories (you are aware that you’re searching for a memory).

27
Q

What is a semantic memory?

A

Our knowledge of the world such as facts and what words and concepts mean. It has been likened to a combination of an encyclopaedia and dictionary. These memories are not time-stamped (we don’t usually remember when we first learned them). You have to make a conscious effort to recall semantic memories (you are aware that you’re searching for a memory).

27
Q

What is procedural memory?

A

It is our memory for learned actions or motor skills. We can recall them without conscious awareness or a great deal of effort e.g. driving a car. We find it hard to explain these to someone else. They are not time stamped.

28
Q

3 key features of episodic memory?

A
  • Can be expressed verbally (recalled with conscious effort) – available for conscious inspection (explicit)
  • Time-stamped – with reference to time and place
  • May be less resistant to amnesia/forgetting
29
Q

3 key features of procedural memory?

A
  • Difficult to explain verbally (recall without conscious awareness) – unavailable for conscious inspection (implicit)
  • Not time-stamped
  • May be more resistant to amnesia/forgetting
30
Q

3 key features of semantic memory?

A
  • Can be expressed verbally (recalled with conscious effort) – available for conscious inspection (explicit)
  • Not time-stamped
  • May be less resistant to amnesia/forgetting
31
Q

What is the working memory model?

A

A representation of how short-term memory is organised and how it functions. It suggests that STM is an active processor of different types of information using sub-units that are coordinated by a central decision-making system.

32
Q

Who proposed the WMM?

A

It was proposed by Baddeley and Hitch in 1974 as an updated version of STM.

33
Q

What are the 4 main components of the WMM?

A

Phonological loop, Central executive, episodic buffer, Visuo-spatial sketchpad.

34
Q

What is the function of the Central executive?

A

Coordinates activity of the three slave systems. Takes in info from senses and LTM, makes decisions and allocates tasks to slave systems.

35
Q

What is the capacity of the Central executive?

A

Storage - 0, processing - limited

36
Q

What is the coding of the Central executive?

A

All of the senses and LTM

37
Q

What is the function of the phonological loop?

A

Processes and temporarily stores information in terms of sound, preserving order in which the information arrives, including both written and spoken material.

38
Q

What are the subcomponents of the phonological loop?

A

The phonological store and the articulatory process

Psychology (20 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions