Ethics Flashcards
What are ethical issues?
These arise when a conflict exists between the rights of participants in research studies and the goals of research to produce authentic, valid, and worthwhile data.
What is informed consent?
An ethical issue/guideline in psychological research whereby participants must be given comprehensive information concerning the nature and purpose of the research and their role in it, in order for them to make an informed decision about whether to participate.
What is deception?
An ethical issue, usually where a participant is not told the true aims of a study (e.g. What participation will involve) and thus cannot give informed consent.
What is protection from harm?
As a result of their involvement participants should not be placed at any more risk than they would be in their daily lives, and should be protected from physical and psychological harm. An important feature is participants being reminded of their right to withdraw.
What is confidentiality?
An ethical issue concerned with a participant’s right to have personal information protected.
What is privacy?
An ethical issue that refers to a zone of inaccessibility of mind or body and the trust that this will not be ‘invaded’. Contrasts with confidentiality. Can be dealt with in some situations by providing anonymity.
What is right to withdraw?
An ethical issue; participants should have the right to withdraw from participating in a research study if they are uncomfortable with the study.
What is debriefing?
A post-research interview designed to inform the participants of the true nature of the study and to restore them to the state they were at the start of the study.
What is presumptive consent?
A method of dealing with lack of informed consent or deception, by asking a group of people who are similar to the participants whether they would agree to take part in a study. If this group of people consents to the procedures in the proposed study, it is presumed that the real participants would agree as well.
What is prior general consent?
Prospective participants in a research study are asked if they would taken part in certain kinds of research, including ones involving deception. If they say yes they have given their general consent to taking part in such research.
What is retrospective consent?
Obtaining permission after a study or event.
What is cost-benefit analysis?
Making a decision by weighing up costs (in terms of time, money, harm) against gains (in terms of value to society).
How to overcome informed consent
Use presumptive consent, retrospective consent or prior general consent. Allow them to withdraw their data from the study if they then don’t consent.
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How to overcome deception
Debrief, give them the right to withdraw their data after the study.
How to overcome right to withdraw
Debrief, give them the right to withdraw their data after the study
