memory lecture 6 Flashcards
what are four types of retrieval?
free recall
cued recall
recognition
relearning
what is the generate-recognition theory of free recall? (anderson and bower, 1972)
recall and recognition are dependent on each other
why do tulving and thomson (1973) suggest recognition failure occurs?
cues helping recall doesnt prove that recognition is part of recall
if this was the case- every item which can be recalled must be recognised- but this is not the case
how did Tulving and Thomson investigate paired associate learning? = procedure
participants were shown word pairs
some of these were weak associates of each other
given a word- have to say the first four words that come into your head
how did Tulving and Thomson investigate paired associate learning? =results
if given a word such as white, higher chance that you will say a word like black as you have already been exposed to it
when people were asked if they could recognise words from the original list- couldn’t recognise that white and black went together but could recall it
recall was better than recognition in this task
what is the encoding specificity principle?
memory recall will be superior when contextual factors are the same between memory encoding and memory retrieval
what did Tulving and Thompson find out about the encoding specificity principle?
recall can produce better memory than recognition if it provides better retrieval cues
sometimes the item itself isn’t the best cue for identifying the context in which it was previously encountered- need to generate the right context
what did Johnson, Taylor and Raye find out about the context of remembering?
did a laboratory experiment
people find it difficult to remember the context where we learn information
don’t keep the context of studying and testing separate
what is reality monitoring?
memory for the source of information may not be stored
may remember the content of imagined events, but may forget that the source was internal
what does reality monitoring mean we can struggle with?
distinguishing between real and imagined events
if we imagine doing an action a lot- may falsely report that we did the action
what did Schooler, Gerhard and Loftus (1986) find out about real and suggested events?
stimuli same as in Lotfus’ road accident experiment
misinformation was from the question ‘Did you see the Yield sign’
found sensory information was the best at discriminating between false and real memories
do lab experiments show a correlation between confidence and accuracy?
rarely
do we have a confidence correlation more for recognition or recall?
recall
