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NeuroMuscular Comp 1 > Memory Disorders > Flashcards

Memory Disorders Flashcards

1
Q

memory loss
in between state of normal aging and dementia
Independence and ADLs preserved
balance checkbook

A

Mild cognitive impairment

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2
Q

reversible causes of dementia

A

hypothyroidism, Vit B1 B12 def, depression, normal pressure hydrocephalus, subdural hematoma, chronic infection, brain tumor, medications

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3
Q

progressive disorder in: recent episodic memory, language, visuospatial function, executive function
ADLs lost

A

Alzheimer’s Disease

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4
Q

Alzheimer’s Disease Imaging on CT or MRI

A

variable amounts of cortical and hippocampal atrophy

prominent atrophy in parietal and temporal lobes

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5
Q

Alzheimer’s Tx

A

AChEIs ( donepezil, rivastigmine, galantamine)
Gluatmate Receptor Modulators (memantine/Namenda)
SSRI (depression)

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6
Q

sudden, variable symptoms (focal weakness, apathy, falls, frontal/executive cognitive slowing)
stepwise cognative decline
Risk factors for vascular disease
Localizing deficits: anosagnosia & prosopagnosia

A

Vascular Dementia

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7
Q

infarct to right parietal area

denies deficit

A

anosagnosia

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8
Q

bilateral or right mesial occipitotemporal lesions

does not recognize familiar face

A

prosopagnosia

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9
Q

Vascular Dementia MRI

A

cortical and subcortical infarctions

confluent white matter disease

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10
Q

Vascular Dementia Tx

A

prevent further stroke
manage risk factors
treat psychiatric symptoms

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11
Q 
fatal prion disease- spongiform encephalopathy 
(spongiform degen of neurons) 
familiar, sporadic, iatrogenic forms
rapidly progressive dementia 
 startle myoclonus and ataxia 
prodromal sympt: malaise, fatigue, increased sleep and eating disturbances 
90% mortality 
CSF + for 14-3-3 protein
A

CJD (creutzfeld-jacob disease)

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12
Q

CJD (creutzfeld-jacob disease)

A

none

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13
Q

CJD (creutzfeld-jacob disease) MRI

A

increased signal intensity in putamen and caudate

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14
Q

Fluctuating cognition/LOC
visual hallucinations, parkinsonian motor signs
REM sleep behavior disorder
Capgras syndrome
attentional, frontal-executive and visuospatial deficits

A

Diffuse Lewy body dementia

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15
Q

delusion that familiar person has been replaced by imposter

A

Capgras syndrome

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16
Q

Diffuse Lewy body dementia PET scan

A

occipital lobe hypometabolism

17
Q

Diffuse Lewy body dementia patho

A

lewy bodies in limbic, paralimbic, and neocortical regions

18
Q

Diffuse Lewy body dementia Tx

A

difficult- sensitive to drugs
Levodopa–> psychosis
antipsycs-> contraindicated
(atypicals: quetiepine & clozapine)

19
Q

neurodegenerative
insidious onset: deterioration in attention & concentration/ memory, dizziness, headaches
lack of insight, poor judgment, overt dementia
parkinsonian with masked facies and tremor
contact sports or military blast injuries
all cases have been exposed to repetitive brain trauma
“dementia puglistica/punch drunk”

A

chronic traumatic encephalopathy

20
Q

chronic traumatic encephalopathy patho

A

extensive neurofibrillary tangles, progressive tauopathy

APOE4 homozygote status predispose

21
Q 
CAN: global confusion, ataxia, opthalmoplegia 
progresses into Korsakoff's psychosis(memory loss and confabulation)
lesions in dorsomedial nuclei of thalamus--> amnesia 
severe thiamine (vit B1( def 
alcoholics/malnurished
A

Wernicke’s encephalopathy

22
Q

Wernicke’s encephalopathy tx

A

admin IV thiamine prior to glucose admin

23
Q

Wet, wobbly, wacky: incontinence, gait diff, memory loss
Ct: enlarged ventricles
potentially reversible memory loss & parkinsonism

A

Normal pressure hydrocephalus

24
Q

Normal pressure hydrocephalus tx

A

Lumbar puncture performed

tx with venticuloperitoneal shunt

25
Q

apathy, reduced judgment, insight/speech/language, hyperorality, excessive compulsions
-behavioral variant/frontal variant
-primary progressive aphasia
-semantic dementia
earlier onset (50s-60s)
initial: changes in personality & socially inappropriate behavior

A

Frontotemporal dementia

26
Q

Frontotemporal dementia association and tx

A

associated with ALS

ACHEi worsen behavioral symptoms

27
Q

psychomotor slowing and memory impairment

hung up reflexes

A

hypothyroidism

28
Q

work up for memory loss

A 
exclude reversible causes 
blood work: thyroid, B12, thiamine, CBC, BMP
imaging: MRI (&ct)
EEG
depression screening

NeuroMuscular Comp 1 (3 decks)

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