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A Level Psychology (Mrs Wallis) - Year 1 > Memory - Coding, Duration, Capacity > Flashcards

Memory - Coding, Duration, Capacity Flashcards

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1
Q

What is Capacity?

A

The amount of information that can be held in a memory store

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2
Q

What is duration?

A

The length of time information can be held in memory

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3
Q

What are the 3 types of memory?

A

Sensory
Short term
Long term

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4
Q

What is the capacity of LTM & how do losses occur?

A

Considered limitless
Losses happen due to decay & interference

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5
Q

What is the capacity of the STM?

A

Limited - can hold a small amount of information before it’s forgotten

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6
Q

What is the experiment demonstrated by Jacobs that tests the capacity of STM?

A

Serial digit span study

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7
Q

What was the procedure of the serial digit span study?

A

Participants were given a long list of numbers and told to repeat them

TBC

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8
Q

What did Jacobs conclude from the serial digit span study?

A

Showed the average recall & capacity of STM was 7 digits

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9
Q

What did Miller say about the capacity of STM?

A

Suggests we can gold 5-9 (plus/minus 2) objects in STM

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10
Q

What is displacement in memory?

A

When the STM is full so new information that is received pushes out the old information & takes it’s place so it is forgotten

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11
Q

How can the capacity of STM be improved?

A

Chunking - grouping information together
E.g. 1984 instead of 1.9.8.4

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12
Q

What is the duration of STM?

A

Doesn’t last very long
Rehearsal keep the memory active
Verbal rehearsal can allow the memory to become long term

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13
Q

What was the study performed by Peterson & Peterson on the duration of STM?

A

24 Participants had a trigram & were given a number & had to count back from it in 3s for intervals of 3,6,9,12,15 or 18 seconds until they saw a red light appear then they recalled the trigram

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14
Q

What did Peterson & Peterson find from their study?

A

After 3 secs - 80% trigrams recalled correctly
6 secs- 50%
18 secs - 10%

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15
Q

What did Peterson & Peterson conclude from their study?

A

STM is limited to a duration of 18 seconds when rehearsal was prevented

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16
Q

What are the strengths of Jacobs study?

A

Controlled lab environment - good control of EVs
Evidence still used today even though quite old

17
Q

What are the limitations of Jacobs study?

A

Controlled lab study - artificial environment
Lacks ecological validity - not generalisable to real life
Demand characteristics
Lacks temporal validity - study done 150 years ago

18
Q

What are the strengths of Peterson & Peterson’s study?

A

real life application -> remembering phone numbers

19
Q

What are the limitations of Peterson & Peterson’s study?

A

meaningless stimuli - lacking external validity

20
Q

What is the duration of the LTM?

A

A lifetime

21
Q

What was the procedure for Bahrick’s study on the duration of LTM?

A

Had 392 participants ages 17-74 from Ohio, recall people from their high school yearbooks using photo recognition & free recall

22
Q

What were the findings for the photo recognition?

A

15 yrs after graduation - 90% accurate
48 yrs after graduation - 70% accurate

23
Q

What were the findings for free recall?

A

15yrs after graduation - 60%
48yrs after graduation - 30%

24
Q

What was the conclusion from Bahrick’s study?

A

The LTM lasts a long time

25
Q

What is coding?

A

The format in which information is stored in various memory stores

26
Q

What is acoustic coding?

A

The coding of the stimulus’ sound

27
Q

What is visual coding?

A

When the physical appearance of the stimulus is encoded into memory

28
Q

What is semantic coding?

A

When the meaning of the stimulus is coded into memory

29
Q

What type of coding is the STM associated with?

A

Acoustic

30
Q

What type of coding is the LTM associated with?

A

Semantic

31
Q

What research did Baddeley do on the coding of memory?

A

Gave different lists of words to four groups of participants to remember, participants shown origin words & asked to recall them in correct order

Group 1 - acoustically similar
Group 2 - acoustically dissimilar
Group 3 - semantically similar
Group 4 - semantically dissimilar

32
Q

What were the findings for immediate recall of the words?

A

Participants tended to do worse with acoustically similar words

33
Q

What were the findings for recall of the words after 20 minutes?

A

Participants tended to do worse with semantically similar words

34
Q

What did Baddeley conclude from his research?

A

Suggested information is coded in LTM

A Level Psychology (Mrs Wallis) - Year 1 (37 decks)

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