Memory Chapter

Question 1

Coding

Answer 1

The format in which the information is stored in various methods.

Question 2

Capaicity

Answer 2

The amount of info that a memory store can hold.

Question 3

Duration

Answer 3

The length of time information can be held in memory.

Question 4

STM

Answer 4

Limited capacity, coding is mainly acoustic, capacity between 5-9 items on average. Duration about 18-30 seconds.

Question 5

LTM

Answer 5

Permanent memory store. Coding is semantic, unlimited capacity, up to a lifetime.

Question 6

MSM

Answer 6

Representation where memory is in 3 stores:sensory register, STM, LTM. Describes how info is transferred from one store to another and how it’s forgotten.

Question 7

Sensory Register

Answer 7

Stores memory in each of our 5 senses. Iconic is visual and Echoic is acoustic. Massive capacity, info lasts for less than 1/2 a second.

Question 8

Episodic Memory

Answer 8

LTM for personal events. Have to be retrieved consciously with effort.

Question 9

Semantic Memory

Answer 9

LTM for knowledge of the world. Need to be recalled deliberately.

Question 10

Procedural Memory

Answer 10

LTM how to do things, unconscious.

Question 11

WMM

Answer 11

Representation of STM, suggesting that it’s a dynamic processor processed by different sub-units coordinated by the central executive.

Question 12

Central Executive

Answer 12

Co-ordinates activites of the 3 subsystems of memory, controls slave systems.

Question 13

Phonological Loop

Answer 13

Processes information in terms of sound (written and spoken) divided into phonological store and the articulatory process.

Question 14

Visuo-spatial Sketchpad

Answer 14

Processes visual and spatial information in a mental space often called our ‘inner eye’.

Question 15

Episodic Buffer

Answer 15

Brings together material from the other subsystems into a single memory (compared to just strands). Provides a bring between working memory and LTM.

Question 16

Interference

Answer 16

Forgetting because one memory blocks another, causing memories to be distorted or forgotten.

Question 17

Proactive Interference

Answer 17

Forgetting when an older memory disrupts the recall of newer memories, even more so when the memories are similar.

Question 18

Retroactive Interference

Answer 18

Forgetting when an newer memory disrupts recall of an older on, again more so when it’s similar.

Question 19

Retrieval Failure

Answer 19

Forgetting when we don’t have any cues to access the memory.

Question 20

Cue

Answer 20

A trigger for information to access a memory. They may be meaningful or indirectly encoded.

Question 21

EWT

Answer 21

People remembering the details of accidentsand crimes, they’ve observed. The accuracy can be affected by many factors like: misleading information, leading questions and anxiety.

Question 22

Misleading Informaton

Answer 22

Incorrect information given to the eyewitness called ‘post-event dicussion’.

Question 23

Leading Question

Answer 23

Phrased in a many that suggests a certain answer.

Question 24

Post-Event Dicussion

Answer 24

When there is more than 1 witness they talk about what they have seen. This might influence the accuracy of each witnesses recall.

Question 25

Anxiety

Answer 25

A state of emotional or physical arousal. Equaling worried thoughts or tension increased heart rate. Can affect the accuracy of and detail of EWT.

Question 26

Cognitive Interview

Answer 26

A method of interviewing, using 4 main techniques based on psychological knowledge of human memory. Report everything, reinstate the context, reverse order and change perspective.