memory: capturing the moment Flashcards
what is episdodic memory. whats it made up of?
its everyday events /big life events.
made up of contextual info e.g. time and location
whats semantic memory
general knowledge e.g. info and facts
uncapher & Rugg. what year what did they do & outcome
pps involved in study phase to encode new events then a test phase to retrieve these events. fmri showed that hippocamp critical for encoding new info and binding items & context
stages of memory
encoding, storage, retrieval
what do you need to do to encode a memory
pay attention
whats superiority effect
pictures are easier to remember than words, as well as mentally imageable words and concrete words e.g. big box.
craik divdided attention statement & what year
1996, divided attention during encoding leads to serious mem impairment
Paivio, what year
dual code theory, and image + verbal code leads to a richer memory trace. 1971
Von Restorff. what year.
1932, isolation effect. if something is distinct it boosts your memory. e.g. in list of words and one is in red text thats easier to remember.
Borkin. what year.
2013, objects, colour and complexity makes data visualisations more memorable
Bower, what year
1975, attatching meaning to a droodle makes it more memorable
Van Kestern, what year
2014, schema related facts activated prefrontal cortex more then medial temporal lobe which includes hippocampus
prediction error distinctivness
unexpected/surprising info are remembered better
schema effect
predicted objects are remembered better than neutral objects.
what is ventrolateral prefrontal cortex activated by
semantic processing and when words are successfully encoded to memory§
