memory and learning Flashcards
procedural (implicit or motor/skill)
eg. walking
learning motor patterns/programs
declarative
explicit memories
episodic (events)
semantic (facts)
autobiographical
working memory
holding immidiate informaion from many sources to carry out a task
only temporary, but accesses long term declarative and procedural memories
may be stored as a declarative or procedural
consolidatin process
forming or strengthening a nueral circuit
conversion of a short term memory to a long term memory
2 types of amnesia
retrograde - ability to reactivate older memories
anterograde - ability to store new memories
both relate to declarative memory
when critical structures are damaged
anterograde
working memory stored in
prefrontal cortex
where declarative memory is stored
hippocampus
where procedural memories are stored
basal ganglia/cerebellum/motor AAs
part respnsble for memory recall
thalamus
repeatedly activating a short term memory causes
consolidation to longterm memory
memories being codified
similar memories are stored together
hippocampus i essential for
storage of declaratove memories
lesion of the hippocampus causes
anterograde amnesia - inability to store new memories
thalamic structures are imprtant for
recalling memories
damage to the thalamus causes
retrograde amnesia
immidiate memory
transient synaptic potentiation
habituation
learning to ignore stimuli that lack meaning
facilitation
learning to intensify response to stimuli
inhibition of synpatic pathways
- reduce neurotransmitter production
- apoptose Ca2+ channels
- reduce postsynapic receptors
- synapse pruning
- gene expression changes
long term potentiation
reptitive/strong excitatory signals enhance responsiveness
long term strong type of facilitatio
non-NMDA receptors
classical excitatory ligand=gated channels
glutamate binds AMPAR (AMPA receptor) - allows Na+ flow
NMDA receptors
also glutamate receptors
under normal functioning, they are blocked by Mg2+
when there is repeated strong activation of synapse
Mg2+ gets replaced by Ca2+ and NMDA can participate as well and can be used = twice as many receptors
AMPA receptors are just sodium channels, but NMDA lets in sodium and calcium
calcium enters cell and acts as signalling molecules which activates kinases and change gene expression
nucleus produces more AMPA receptors = potentiation
