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physiology 3 > Higher cortical functions > Flashcards

Higher cortical functions Flashcards

1
Q

when thalamic connection is lost

A

cortical function stops

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2
Q

all sensory pathways pass through

A

the thalamus

- except for some olfactory signals

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3
Q

motor primary cortical region

A

origin of motor tracts
decussate at medulla and descend spinal cord to afferent motor neuron
discrete connection with specific effectors

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4
Q

sensory primary cortical region

A

termination of sensory tracts from specific sensory organs (labelled lines)
visual, auditory, somatic

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5
Q

primary cortical regions

A

point of first contact for M&S systems in cortex

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6
Q

secondary cortical regions

A

areas proximal to 1° areas
begin to ‘make sense’ out of signals to/form 1° areas
premotor/supplementary areas
2° sensory areas interpret meaning

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7
Q

premotor/supplementary areas

A

provide complex patterns of motor activity

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8
Q

broca’s area

A

word formation

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9
Q

area for language, comprehension, intelligence

A

wernickle’s area

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10
Q

area for behaviour, emotions, motivation

A

limbic association area

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11
Q

higher cortical functions

A 
executve functions - planning, decision making, attention 
reasoning, memory, learning, 
language, muscial appreciation 
emotional feelings and expression 
motivation 
self-awareness, body image
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12
Q

process of association cortex

A

take in sensory information from multiple regions of the cortex
association cortex cross references with memories, and may store new memories
evaluate new sensory information with past experiences
sends to motor planning areas
sends to motor cortex
leads to overt behaviour

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13
Q

three major divisions of the association cortex

A
  1. parieto-occipito-temporal (POT) AA
  2. prefrontal AA
  3. Limbic AA
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14
Q

parieto-occipito-temporal (POT) AA

A

poly sensory integration and language

continuous analysis of spacial orientation

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15
Q

prefrontal AA

A

executive functions, motor planning, attention, working memory

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16
Q

limbic AA

A

memory, emotion, motivation
behaviour, judgement, insight, emotions and motivation
cortical part of the limbic system

17
Q

damage to the POT AA

A

failure to plan movement of opposite side of body

lose reading language comprehension

18
Q

intellectual functions of prefrontal AA

A

interacts with motor cortex + POT AA
motor and non motor thinking
plan consequences of actions before performed

19
Q

lesions of the prefrontal cortex

A

causes inability to keep tract of simultaneous bits of information, easily distracted
lose complex problem solving, ability to perform sequential tasks, abiltity to learn to do parallel tasks
morals, social appropriateness
purpose

20
Q

lesions of the limbic AA

A

difficulties with reasoning, judgement, mood

21
Q

communication involves

A

sensory integration (audiovisual)
formation of thoughts > choice of words
motor control of vocalisation > vocalisation

22
Q

formation of though and choice of words occurs at

A

wernickle;s area

23
Q

broca’s area controls

A

the motor coordination required for speech

24
Q

wernicke’s area

A

general interpretive area
language based intellectual functioon
feeds directly to broca’s area

25
Q

wernickle’s and broca’s communicate via

A

arcuate fissiculus

26
Q

broca’s area

A

premotor speech - word formation

27
Q

pathway for visual communication

A
  1. receive visual input in the primary visual area
  2. processing of the visual information in the parietal-temporal-occipital association cortex, the angular gyrus region
  3. visual input reaches full level of interpretation in wernickle’s area
  4. then to broca’s area for motor formation of the word
  5. transmission of signals to motor cortex to control speech muscles
28
Q

contralateral

A

other side

29
Q

ipsilateral

A

same side

30
Q

hemispheric lateralisation

A

motor function - mostly contralateral (except cerebellum)
somatosensory mostly contralateral
visual 50/50
auditory 90% contralateral

31
Q

hemispheric lateralisation in higher functions

A

language function is lateralised eg. broca’s and wernickles are found on the left
complex spacial processing is usually right biased
mathematical/analytical is left biased

32
Q

why does hemispheric lateralisation exist

A

less space for nuerones to cover

physiology 3 (7 decks)

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