Memory and Amnesias Flashcards
What is Declarative Memory?
There are two examples
What parts of the brain is this memory
Facts and Events (rich in detail)
These are explicit (conscious) memories
Hippocampus and limbic system
What is Procedural Memory
There are two examples
What parts of the brain is this memory
Implicit (unconscious) memory that consists of:
Priming, skills/habits, and conditioning
Basal ganglia, cerebellum, motor skills
What is the road to memory formation?
Sensory input-sensory memory-attention-short term (working) memory-encoding-long term memory
Encoding-retrieval-consolidation
What is Retrograde Amnesia and what is the normal presentation for it?
When you can’t remember things from your past-
Temporal Amnesia: When you can remember things from a long time ago, but not recently (temporal gradient)
What is Anterograde Amnesia?
When you can’t make new memories
What is infantile amnesia?
When early childhood events can’t be recalled
Transient Global Amnesia
- Occurs typically in older men
- When you can only remember recent events for a few minutes, but everything else is fine. Usually due to TIA, Basilar artery migraine, physical, or psychic stress
Dissociative Amnesia
When you witness something very emotional and have retrograde amnesia
“Reaction amnesia”-emotional content and frenzy
Wernicke Korsakoff’s Amnesia
What is another name for it
What 5 parts of the brain are damaged
Diencephalic Amnesia
Caused by alcohol abuse and thiamine deficiency and includes confabulation, confusion, and severe memory impairment
Fornix, Mamillary bodies, thalamus, colliculi, periventricular gray matter,
What are the differences between Diencephalic and Bilateral Mesial Temporal Amnesias
- W.K has remote memory deficit (memory from the distant past), poor insight
- Bilateral Mesial Temporal has rapid rate of forgetting, impaired consolidation
BOTH has intact procedural learning, anterograde and retrograde deficit, and impaired encoding
What is an Engram
An Engram is what accounts for the persistence of memory due to a hypothetical change in neural tissue
What is Synaptic Plasticity
How are connections between the neurons strengthened?
How do you learn?
Short term: Transient changes in synaptic function
(perhaps mediated through altered metabolism
Long term: More permanent alteration of cellular function (perhaps change of protein expression and/or change of cellular structure)
- repeated co-firing
- Multi-modal binding of engrams
Where are memory engrams located?
What is the pathway?
What is rehearsal?
What is consolidation?
What does the prefrontal neocortex show?
In the neocortex, which gets info from the primary somatosensory, primary auditory, and primary visual cortex-these together are called “Association areas”
Association areas to medial temporal lobes so they can be processed in the hippocampal formation. The thalamo-cortical loops keep the neuronal assemblies co-active (rehearsal) until they are “bound” in a more permanent way (consolidation)
Support attention and working memory during initial memory formation and also information about the context/source of the memory which helps to relate memories to the time and place in which the stored information was received.
What is the seat of declarative memory formation
Which parts?
hippocampus
Crus Cerebri to Perirhinal cortex (Lateral geniculate nucleus, Parahippocampal cortex, and dentate)
What is the hippocampal trisynaptic circuit
Three-layered region of cortex in the medial temporal lobe is where hippocampal formation is and it consists of dentate, hippocampus and subiculum
