memory and Amnesia Flashcards
What are dissociations
When one manipulation affects one process but not another
- shows the importance of having differnet types of memeory with different functions
Describe patient H.M
had sever epilepsy and had bilateral brain surgery to remove stuff from his brain, especially the hippocampus and fornix. Could remember old memories but lost the ability to learn new ones
Describe patient E.P
His temporal lobe was shriveled/ damaged and he was not aware that he says things several times
Draw the papez circuit
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Draw a memory taxonomy
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What is semantic memory
facts
What is episodic memory
events
what is declarative memory
Explicit. memory of facts and events
what is non-declarative memory
Implicit. memory of skills and habits
what is iconic memory
is for visual information (sights), lasting briefly
what is echoic memory
is for auditory information (sounds), lasting a little longer.
what are amnesia patients good at
remembering new motor skills, things they’ve seen, new conditioning, facts, perception
what is antegrade amnesia
cannot form new memories after incident for example patient H.M
what is retrograde amnesia
forget past memories before incident
what are amnesia patients bad at
remembering thangs that happened yesterday, recognizing things they’ve seen, recalling things from memory
what are the three stages of memory
encoding
storage
retrieval
what is reconsolidation
The process by which retrieved memories are altered and stored again, potentially changing their content.
what is the hippocampus involved in
Critical for forming episodic and spatial memories. Damage to the hippocampus (e.g., in H.M.) impairs the ability to form new long-term memories but leaves other types of memory intact.
what is the basal ganglia involved in
Primarily involved in procedural memory (like riding a bike or playing an instrument). Damage here would affect the ability to learn or recall motor skills.
what is the amygdala involved in
Plays a key role in emotional memory, particularly memories associated with fear or other intense emotions.
what is long term potentiation
neurons that fire together, wire together
what are grid cells
Involved in spatial memory and navigation, grid cells help the brain map out the environment.
what are cell assemblies
group of nuerons repetedly activated together
