exam 2 Flashcards
what are the three major theories of emotion.
James lange theory
cannon bard theory
schacter two factor theory
James lange theory
stimulus causes physical change in body first which then leads to experiencing emotion.
cannon bard theory
stimulus causes the emotional and physical change to occur at the same time.
schacter two factor theory
stimulus causes someone to experience a physical change (heart rate) and your brain applies a cognitive label “fear”
argument against basic emotions
No consensus about how many basic emotions there are and emotion perception changes in context.
argument for basic emotions
fMRI’s show there are hot spots associated with each emption for example amygdala= fear. And each emption triggers physiological responses (fear= increased heart rate)
draw the papez circuit
.
name structors in limbic system
cingulate cortex, hippocampus, fornix, hypothalamus, anterior thalamus
name specific emotions to brain structors.
amygdala- fear
insula- disgust
PFC- happens
ACC- sadness
ventral tegmental area- experience of pleasure and rewards
describe organizational effect of hormones
long lasting, permeant changes in the brain or body that occur at young age, sets up future behaviors
describe activational effect of hormones
temporary, reversible changes that occur later in life, influences behavior based on current hormone levels
what are the six axes of sex
-sex chromosomes
-sex hormones
-primary sex characteristics
-secondary sex characteristics
-sexual orientation
-cultural gender behavior
name the three types of chromosomal diversity
-XXY klinefeter syndrome
-XYY syndrome
-XXX syndrome
what is congenital adrenal hyperplasia
condition where the adrenal glands make too much of certain hormones, like testosterone. In girls, this can cause more masculine traits, like facial hair or a deeper voice, affect how the body develops.
what is androgen insensitivity syndrome
occurs when a person’s body is unable to respond to male hormones, like testosterone, even though their body produces them. People with AIS have male chromosomes (XY), but their body doesn’t “react” to the male hormones properly. Because of this, their body develops female physical traits, like having a female appearance (breasts, smooth skin) and no male genitalia, even though genetically they are male.
XXY klinefeter syndrome effects
occurs when a boy is born with an extra X chromosome
-poor fertility
-smaller testicles
-weaker muscles
-taller
-less body hair
-small breast development
XYY syndrome
happens when a boy is born with an extra Y chromosome
-increased acne
-normal fertility
-normal intelligence
-taller
XXX syndrome
occurs when a girl is born with an extra X chromosome
-taller
-poor muscle
-language/ learning disabilities
-normal fertility
7 major structors in social brain
Amygdala- social detection
ACC- social value learning
IPS- social distances
Insula- empathy
mPFC- applying social knowladge
TPJ- percepctive taking
IFG- language production
