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Psychology > Memory > Flashcards

Memory Flashcards

1
Q

What is coding?

A

The format in which memory is stored into memory stores

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2
Q

What is capacity?

A

The amount of info that can be held in a memory store

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3
Q

What is duration?

A

The length of time info can be held in memory

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4
Q

What is the STM

A

Limited capacity memory store

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5
Q

What is capacity of STM

A

Capacity of 7 +/- 2 items

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6
Q

How is info encoded into the STM

A

Acoustically

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7
Q

What is the duration of STM

A

Duration 18-30 seconds

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8
Q

What is LTM

A

Permanent memory store

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9
Q

How is info encoded into the LTM

A

Semantically

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10
Q

What is the capacity of LTM

A

Potentially unlimited

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11
Q

What is the duration of LTM

A

Up to a lifetime

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12
Q

What did Baddeley (1966) find

A

Recalling items of a list is harder when words are acoustically similar for STM
Recalling items of a list is harder when words are semantically similar for LTM

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13
Q

What did Jacobs (1887) find?

A

for STM
Mean span for digits was 9.3
Mean span for letters was 7.3

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14
Q

What is chunking?

A

Grouping sets of digits or letters into units or chunks to aid recall.

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15
Q

What did Miller (1956) observe?

A

many things in everyday life come in 7s.

E.g days of the week.

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16
Q

What did Peterson + Peterson (1959) find?

A

STM recall ability decreases over time and most info decays at around 15/18 secs

17
Q

What did Bahrick et al (1975) find?

A

LTM decays slightly over time but most LTM memories last a very long time.

18
Q

What is a criticism of Baddeley’s study?

A

He used artificial stimuli as the list of words were not meaningful. This makes it difficult to generalise the findings to real life.

19
Q

What is a criticism of Jacobs’ study?

A

It is outdated so would not have the same quality of control as a modern lab study.

20
Q

What is a limitation of Miller’s research?

A

He over-estimated the role of STM.

21
Q

What is a limitation of Peterson + Peterson’s study?

A

Artificial stimulus

Psychology (5 decks)

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