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Psychology > Approaches > Flashcards

Approaches Flashcards

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1
Q

What is the main assumption of Behaviourism?

A

Everyone is born as a blank slate and all behaviour is learnt through observing/interacting with their environment

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2
Q

What are the main assumptions of the biological approach?

A

All behaviour is driven by biological structures

All behaviour is innate

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3
Q

What are the features of Behaviourism?

A

Classical + Operant Conditioning
Positive + negative reinforcement
Punishment

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4
Q

What are the strengths of Behaviourism?

A

It is scientific- objective and can be replicated

Real Life Applications- token economy

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5
Q

What are the limitations of Behaviourism?

A 
Lacks ecological validity
Ethical Issues
Demand characteristics 
Only studies observable behaviour
Humans are complex- mechanistic view- more applicable to animals
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6
Q

What are the features of the biological approach?

A 
CNS
Genetics
Cognitive Neuroscience 
Hormones
Neurotransmitters
Brain Structure
Phenotype
Genotype
Evolution
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7
Q

What research methods are used in Behaviourism?

A 
Pavlov's dogs
Skinner's box
Lab experiments
Scientific focus
Little Albert
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8
Q

What research methods are used in the biological approach?

A 
Kray Twins
(MZ) Twin Studies
Adoption Studies
Family Studies
Phineas Gage (case study)
MRI/CT Scans
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9
Q

What are the strengths of the biological approach?

A

Scientific- objective data
Real life applications
pairs well with other approaches- cognitive neuroscience

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10
Q

What are the limitations of the biological approach?

A

Can’t establish cause/effect relationship
Only focuses on observable concepts
Disregards environmental factors

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11
Q

What is the main assumption of the cognitive approach?

A

All behaviour is driven by internal mental processes

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12
Q

What are the features of the cognitive approach?

A

Computer Models
Schema
Theoretical models

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13
Q

What are the research methods used in the cognitive approach?

A

Scientific
Lab experiments
Cognitive neuroscience- MRI/CT/PET Scans
Godden + Baddeley

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14
Q

What are the strengths of the cognitive approach?

A

Scientific- objective
Most dominant
Real life Applications- OCD/CBT
Pairs well with other approaches- cognitive neuroscience

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15
Q

What are the limitations of the Cognitive approach?

A

Over-simplification- machine reductionism
Lacks ecological validity
Only focuses on internal mental processes- ignores before/after

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16
Q

What is the main assumption of social learning theory?

A

All behaviour is learnt through observing models

17
Q

What are the features of social learning theory

A 
Attention
Retention
Motor reproduction
Motivation
Models/ Role models
Live/ symbolic models
Imitation
Identification
Vicarious reinforcement
18
Q

What are the research methods used in SLT?

A 
Lab Experiments
Mineka et al
Charlton et al
Bandura
Akers
19
Q

What are the strengths of SLT?

A

Scientific- objective

Real life applications- criminal behaviour

20
Q

What are the limitations of SLT?

A

Demand characteristics
Lacks ecological validity
Underestimates biological factors

21
Q

What are the main assumptions of humanism?

A

All humans are unique
All humans are inherently good
All humans are driven by free will

22
Q

What are the features of humanism?

A

Self-actualisation
Hierarchy of needs
Congruence
Conditions of worth

23
Q

What are the research methods used in humanism?

A

Client-centred therapy
Q-sort
Unconditioned positive regard

24
Q

What are the strengths of humanism?

A

Real life applications- therapy

Effective in western society

25
Q

What are the limitations of humanism?

A

Unscientific
Subjective
More applicable to individualistic cultures than elsewhere
Not objective/repeatable

26
Q

What are the features of the psychodynamic approach?

A

Tripartite personality
Id, ego, superego
Defence mechanisms- repression, denial, displacement
Psychosexual stages- oral, anal, phallic, latent, genital
Fixation
Unconscious, pre-conscious, conscious
Oedipus + Electra complexes

27
Q

What is the main assumption of the psychodynamic approach?

A

All behaviour is driven by the unconscious mind

28
Q

What research methods are used in the psychodynamic approach?

A

Case Studies
Little Hans
Psychoanalysis

29
Q

What are the strengths of the psychodynamic approach?

A

Unfalsifiable

Applications- psychoanalysis- schizophrenia

30
Q

What are the limitations of the psychodynamic approach?

A

Unobservable/ not objective

Based on case studies- difficult to generalise

Psychology (5 decks)

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