Memory Flashcards
Flashing
A process that allows to rewrite the information stored on the chip, instead of having to physically replace the chip.
Memory test
A test that scans memory modules to verify that they are functioning properly.
PnP (Plug and Play)
A technology that enables the computer to discover and configure new hardware, and manage any hardware conflicts that arise when new hardware is added.
Random Access Memory (RAM)
A temporary storage space used by the operating system and applications to pass information to the CPU for processing.
Read-Only Memory (ROM)
A memory that saves and stores system data without a constant power source.
TPM (Trusted Platform Module)
An international standard designed to secure hardware by integrating encryption keys into devices.
BIOS/UEFI
UEFI (Unified Extensible Firmware Interface) and its predecessor BIOS (Basic Input/Output System) are the primary firmware standards used on PCs.
Boot Sequence
Boot sequence is one of the more important settings in your BIOS/UEFI. It controls the order in which the computer searches its disk drives for an operating system.
Power Management
The BIOS/UEFI power management settings control what happens when the computer doesn’t shut down properly or it goes into, or awakens from, a misconfigured Standby or Hibernate mode.
Advanced Configuration and Power Interface (ACPI)
Provides an open standard that operating systems can use to discover and configure computer hardware components, to perform power management by putting unused components to sleep, and to perform status monitoring.
DIMM
A 64-bit module which can have memory chips on one or both sides of the package
SODIMM
A form factor used in laptops and SFF PCs and is built using integrated circuits
SIMM
A 32-bit module that has memory chips on one side of the package.
RIMM
A 64-bit module mostly found in older computers which use Rambus technology
What firmware security features can be included with the BIOS/UEFI?
- BIOS/UEFI passwords
- Hard drive encryption
- Secure boot
- Trusted Platform Module (TPM)
- Lojack
What forms of hardware monitoring are there?
- Temperature
- Fan Speed
- Voltage
- Clock Speeds
- Intrusion detection
- Diagnostic tools
Name a data protection and theft recovery solution that protects your devices data and can locate your lost or stolen device?
Lojack
What test scans critical components to look for errors that interrupt the boot process?
Start up test
What allows the operating system to control the amount of power given to each device and to power them down when not in use?
ACPI
State two facts that are true about RAM?
- It is generally faster than hard drives and flash storage.
- It is considered volatile because the data it holds is lost when power is removed from the computer or device.
What type of memory module is used in laptops and other small devices?
SODIMM
What RAM feature uses an algorithm to detect single-bit and multi-bit memory errors?
ECC
What DDR version has a curved contact edge designed to help prevent damage to the module during installation?
DDR4
Which of the following uses n algorithm to encode information into a block of bits?
ECC
What is an international standard designed to secure hardware by integrating encryption keys into devices?
Trusted Platform Module
What is a UEFI feature that verifies an operating system’s boot loader is electronically signed by the vendor before it loads?
Secure Boot
What performs management functions such as specifying the memory’s clock signal?
Control Bus
What is a software programmed into a read-only memory?
Firmware
What is flashing?
A process of rewriting the information stored on the chip
Three types of Random Access Memory (RAM)
- SIMM
- DIMM
- SODIMM
- RIMM
RAM features
- Buffering – have additional circuits that hold data and manage electrical signals before information is passed between RAM and the memory controller.
- Parity – Regular memory contains one bit of memory for every bit of data it stores – 8 bits for each byte of data. Parity memory modules have an extra parity checking bit that can be used to verify each byte of data was correctly read or written by the memory modules.
- ECC - A more advanced version of parity that uses an algorithm to encode information into a block of bits.
- Clock Speed – Like a processor, every RAM module is rated to operate at a specific clock speed.
- Channels - DIMMS and SODIMMS are 64-bit devices, which can transfer 64 bits of data at a time.
- DDR Memory - Double Data Rate memory (DDR) memory is based on the SDRAM (Synchronous Dynamic Random Access Memory) technology that uses the memory bus’ clock signal to synchronize with the system bus clock speed.
DDR operating voltages
- DDR = 1.8V or 2.5V
- DDR2 = 1.8V or 1.9V
- DDR3 = 1.35V, 1.5V or 1.65V
- DDR4 = 1.05V, 1.2V or 1.35V
Memory problems
- The system fails to boot and you receive a system beep code related to memory.
- The system hangs or freezes.
- Illegal operation or fatal exception errors occur.
- General Protection Fault (GPF) errors occur.
- The computer reboots randomly with or without BSOD.
- Windows reports a memory problem.
Trusted Platform Module (TPM) is an international standard designed to secure hardware by integrating encryption keys into devices.
True
UEFI provides better security to protect against bootkit attacks
True
UEFI allows boot services as well as runtime services
True
UEFI only supports drives smaller than 2.2 terabytes
False
UEFI uses a boot manager instead of a boot sector
True
UEFI speeds up the startup process but does not resume from hibernation mode
False
