Memory Flashcards
1
Q
Summarise memory
A
Process of encoding, storage + retrieval
2
Q
What happens in stage 1 of memory storage?
A
- Sensory memory
- Iconic memory = visual
- Echoic memory = auditory
- Haptic memory = touch, sensation
- Olfactory bulb = smell + memory
3
Q
What happens in stage 2 of memory storage?
A
- Short term memory a.k.a working memory
- Temporary recall
- Limited capacity + duration
- Phonological loop = speech info
- Visuo-spatial sketchpad
- Central executive = coordinates + controls whole system with LTM
4
Q
What happens in stage 3 of memory storage?
A
- Long term memory
- Consolidation
- Almost unlimited capacity
5
Q
How are memories retrieved?
A
- Explicit retrieval = deliberately searching + recovering (Semantic + Episodic)
- Implicit retrieval = recovering without conscious remembering (Procedural + Classically Conditioned Memory)
6
Q
What is semantic memory?
A
Facts + figures
7
Q
What is episodic memory?
A
Personal experiences/events
8
Q
What is procedural memory?
A
Motor skills + habits
9
Q
What is anterograde amnesia?
A
Problem encoding, storing + retrieving new info
10
Q
What is retrograde amnesia?
A
Problem remembering past events
11
Q
What are the causes of amnesia?
A
- Temporal lobe surgery
- Herpes simples encephalitis
- Hypoxia
- Korsakoff syndrome - chronic alcoholism
- Alzheimers
12
Q
What memory does hippocampal amnesia impair?
A
Explicit
13
Q
How is LT memory consolidated?
A
- Hippocampus = critical for rapid acquisition of new info
- Info gradually transferred to cortical areas with repeated reactivation
- Gradual changes in neocortex establish LTM
- Role of hippocampus decreases
14
Q
What difference is seen between patients with hippocampal damage vs frontal lobe damage?
A
Frontal lobe damage = exaggerated STROOP effect rather than amnesia
