Memory Flashcards
Epileptic seizures involve two concurrent processes. What are they?
- EXCITATION in groups of neurones
2. loss of INHIBITory potential
Of GABA and glutamate, which is inhibitory?
GABA
What form of epilepsy is responsible for informing us the most about the operation of memory?
Temporal lobe epilepsy (TLE)
What is distinctive about ‘simple partial seizures’, as distinct from ‘complex partial seizures’
In the former case, the patent does NOT lose awareness
What is the most common form/location of Temporal Lobe Epilepsy (TLE)?
Hippocampal sclerosis (HS)
What is gliosis?
Excessive growth in glial cells after neuronal loss occurs)
What is occurring in hippocampal sclerosis?
- Neuronal loss
2. Gliosis
Does Temporal Lobe Epilepsy (TLE) typically occur early or late in life?
EARLY
What three aetiologies were mentioend for Temporal Lobe Epilepsy (TLE)?
I T V
- Infections
- Tumours
- Vascular malformations
In the case of Temporal Lobe Epilepsy (TLE), what steps can be taken to cure or reduce seizure?
Surgical removal of the lesioned hippocampus
What is the name of the operation that Henry Molaison (HM) underwent?
Bilateral resection (of medial temporal tissue)
Which parts of brain were removed when Henry Molaison (HM) underwent his bilateral resection?
- Amygdala
- (most of) hippcampi
- (part of) parahippocampal gyrus
After his bilateral resection, what was the state of Henry Molaison’s (HM) attention span?
Normal
After his bilateral resection, what was the state of Henry Molaison’s (HM) intelligence?
Normal
After his bilateral resection, what was the state of Henry Molaison’s (HM) retrograde memory?
Recovered over time
Amnesia can be retrograde and/or anterograde. Which one relates to impairment in the formation of new memories?
Anterograde
What type of amnesia did Henry Molaison (HM) have after his bilateral resection?
Anterograde amnesia
What is declarative memory?
Access to information
What is procedural memory?
Remembering how to ‘do’ things (ie playing piano)
After Henry Molaison’s (HM) bilateral resection, which type of memory was impaired, declarative or procedural?
Declarative
Based on the case of Henry Molaison (HM), which brain lobe is essential for memory function?
Medial temporal lobe
Based on the case of Henry Molaison (HM), which from of memory is the medial temporal lobe essential for? (two terms)
Declarative, anterograde
Taking into account what we learned from the case of Henry Molaison (HM) and everything we’ve learned since…
do we now assume that memory relies on a specific module in the brain, or a wider network of regions?
A wider network
neuroanatomical network
Taking into account what we learned from the case of Henry Molaison (HM) and everything we’ve learned since…
are memory functions anatomically symmetric or asymmetric?
Asymmetric