Memory Flashcards
What are the neural correlates of memory?
Episodic memory: involves the medial temporal lobes including the hippocampus and the parahippocampal cortex
Name and define each of the stages of the memory process.
Registration– input from senses into the memory system
Encoding – processing and combining of received information
Storage – holding of that input in the memory system
Retrieval – recovering stored information from the memory system (remembering)
What are the three middle components of Baddley’s multicomponent model of working memory?
Visuospatial sketchpad – occipital lobe
Episodic buffer – bilateral frontal and temporal lobes and the hippocampus
Phonological loop – left parieta
Draw Baddeley’s model
Baddeley Model
What is the misinformation effect?
Distortion of a memory by misleading post-event information
What is the difference between the recall of a victim compared to an onlooker?
Fear improves recall
Victims remember everything better than onlookers
Describe Loftus and Palmar’s eyewitness testimony study.
Subjects see a film depicting a car accident and are then asked several questions about what they saw
Experimenters manipulate the way one question is asked to determine its effects on recall If they said ‘smashed’ then the subjects were 3 x more likely to falsely recall the grass breaking (as speed is estimated as being higher
State two strategies for enhancing memory.
By assimilation – linking words with previous knowledge/giving words a meaning
Learn by mnemonics
What are the two types of long-term memory?
Non-declarative– familiarity with something, knowledge of how to interact with object or in situation without thinking about it
Called procedural memory for actions and behaviours
Complex activities can be carried out without thinking
Declarative– store of our knowledge
What are the two types of declarative memory?
Episodic– memory related to personal experience (e.g. knowing what you did last night)
Semantic– memory for facts and what we think of as general knowledge (e.g. knowing the capital of France)
Define health behaviour?
Any activity undertaken by an individual believing himself to be healthy, for the purpose of preventing disease or detecting it at an asymptomatic stage
What are the components of the behaviour change wheel?
Behaviour arrows going to both ways to all three -capability with arrow from capability to motivation -motivation with arrow from opportunity to motivation -oppurtunity
What are the techniques of behaviour change?
Providing information on consequences • Prompting specific goal setting • Prompting barrier identification • Modelling the behaviour • Planning social support
Describe implementation intentions
AKA Action Plans
• Request an individual to think about critical situations to act and appropriate responses within those situations
• IF-THEN
• E.g. IF it’s Friday morning at 9am THEN I will go for a run from my house around the park
