Memory

Question 1

Define long term memory

Answer 1

Long term memory is relatively permanent, virtually unlimited and is a memory store.

Question 2

What is argued about remembering?

Answer 2

Problems with remembering or retrieving are due to misfiling rather than forgetting.

Question 3

What is the capacity and duration of short term and long term memory?

Answer 3

Short term (AKA working memory): +/- 2 to 7 items, short period
Long term: unlimited amounts, forever

Question 4

Explain the serial position effect.

Answer 4

Primacy vs. recency effect: people usually remember first words best in a list (primacy effect), then last words (recency) followed by other words in the middle.

Question 5

What is the 3 stage model of info processing?

Answer 5

Stage 1: receive information from sensory systems, processes by sensory memory
Stage 2: encode some of this info, store in short term or working memory
Stage 3: through ongoing rehearsal, info is transferred to LTM

Question 6

What does working memory/STM consist of? Baddeley and Hitch

Answer 6

Phonological loop: briefly stores mental representation of sounds, relates to auditory memory, activates every time you hear, read or repeat a word. PHONE
Visuospatial sketch pad: briefly stores visual and spatial info, works simultaneously with the phonological loop. Visualise sketch pad, helps map out where your rooms are at Deakin Uni.
Episodic buffer: storage space, facilitating info exchange ST visual and auditory stores and LTM. Allow info to be made available in conscious awareness.
Central executive: the big dog, the boss. Enables planning and control over the sequences of actions to be performed. Allocates additional resources to subsystems. Integrates info within episodic buffer, may also monitor things to ensure they’ve completed.

Question 7

What does sensory memory consist of?

Answer 7

Iconic store (shortest memory span, visual info, few milliseconds) 
Echoic store (retains 3-4 seconds)

Question 8

What is structural encoding?

Answer 8

Focusing on what info looks like

Question 9

What is phonemic encoding?

Answer 9

People focus on what the info sounds like. Medium level of processing and retained longer than structural but not forever.

Question 10

What is semantic encoding?

Answer 10

Focus on the meaning of information, activates sensory memory but also integrates with existing LTM. Deepest level of processing.

Question 11

What is dual encoding?

Answer 11

Visual cues and auditory also, remembering it in two different ways.