Memory Flashcards
What is the most important biological consequence of adaptive immunity?
Immunological memory
What are the longest lived antibodies?
IgG
How long do the longest lived antibodies live?
Month or two
What are the three kinds of B cells?
Short-lived plasma cell, long-lived plasma cell (memory cell), central memory B cell
What is required in order for the generation of both kinds of memory B cells to occur?
T cell help
What are the two kinds of memory B cells?
Long-lived plasma cell, central memory B cell
Where are short-lived plasma cells formed?
Lymphoid follicles of secondary lymphoid organs
What is the function of short-lived plasma cells?
Produce incredible amounts of antibodies
What is the life span of short-lived plasma cells?
Few days
To where do short-lived plasma cells travel?
Bone marrow and spleen
Where are long-lived plasma cells produced?
Lymphoid follicles of secondary lymphoid organs
To where do long-lived plasma cells travel to and take up residence?
Bone marrow
What is the function of long-lived plasma cells?
Continuously produce modest amounts of antibodies
Provide life-long antibody protection
Which B cell is used for measuring titers?
Long-lived plasma cells
Why do long-lived plasma cells live longer?
They aren’t worked as hard
Which make more antibodies: short or long-lived plasma cells?
Short-lived
What kind of B cells function as memory stem cells?
Central memory B cells
Where do central memory B cells reside?
Mainly in secondary lymphoid organs
What kinds of cells replace long-lived plasma cells when they die from old age?
Central memory B cells
If an invader is encountered again, what do central memory B cells do?
Quickly proliferate and make more short-lived plasma B cells
Do central memory B cells usually quickly proliferate?
No; usually slowly unless in the presence of previous invader
Which kind of B cell provides life-long antibody protection?
Long-lived plasma cell
What kind of T cells travel to a battle site and fight?
Effector T cells
What kind of memory T cells travel to a battle site and remain there?
Memory effector T cells
What kind of activated T cells stay in the secondary lymphoid organs and bone marrow after activation?
Central memory T cells
What happens to central memory T cells during subsequent attacks?
Quickly activate and proliferate mostly into effector T cells, then go to battle site
Which are easier to activate: memory B and T cells or naive B and T cells?
Memory B and T cells
Why is somatic hypermutuation of memory B cells important?
Creates better antibody receptors fit to the invader for an “upgraded” fight
Why is class switching of memory B cells important?
Remains imprinted on the memory B cell to be better suited for the invader
What type of memory cells are fine tuned through somatic hypermutation?
B memory cells
What type of memory cells make antibodies?
Memory B cells
What type of memory cells are dormant?
Memory T cells
Why is it important that memory T cells remain dormant unless the invader is present?
T cells would make chemistry and kill things (not good if not killing an invader)
Why are antibodies safe to have readily made and “lying around”?
They don’t have the ability to kill and are therefore harmless (like T cells do)
What is the T cell equivalent to a long-lived plasma B cell?
There isn’t one!
What type of memory is static: innate or adaptive?
Innate (doesn’t update)
All humans have essentially what kind of memory?
Innate
What type of memory is expandable and dynamic?
Adaptive
What determines a human’s adaptive memory?
Invaders that are encountered
Do two people that encounter the same antigen have the same adaptive memory?
NO
Why do two people that encounter the same antigen develop different adaptive memories?
Different TCRs and BCRs (not an exact match)
Is it possible that 2 humans have the exact same adaptive memory?
NO NO NO
