Memory

Question 1

What is the Memory model (Atkinson & Shiffrin, 1968)

Answer 1

1. Input
   Visual
   Auditory
   Kinesthetic
   Olfactory
   Gustatory
2. Sensory memory (sensory register)
3. Working memory (short- term memory)
4. Long- term memory

Question 2

What is the sensory memory (sensory register) store?

Answer 2

Where the sensory information enters the cognitive system and its passed on to working memory

Question 3

How long does sensory memory (sensory register) last?

Answer 3

Up to 1 sec in vision
Up to 5 sec in audition
Visual sensory store capacity is adult like = at 6 months of age

Question 4

What is the working memory (short term memory) store?

Answer 4

The mental processing unit in which the information is stored temporarily
- Supports ongoing thought processes

Question 5

How long does working memory (short term memory) last?

Answer 5

Up to 30 secs

Question 6

What is the capacity of the working memory (short term memory) store?

Answer 6

7+/-2 elements

Question 7

Describe working memory span in infancy

Answer 7

Working memory is available in early life but is initially limited to one object

By 12 months infants remember 3 hidden objects

by 14 months infants use chunking to increase their working memory

Question 8

What is the long term memory store?

Answer 8

A vast unlimited capacity and can last a lifetime

Explicit (consciously stated and recalled) vs implicit (outside of conscious awareness)

Semantic (our knowledge) vs Episodic (events)

Question 9

Describe implicit memory in infancy

Answer 9

• Recognition memory is operational already in the first days and months of life
• Infants display good recognition memory for casual events as well as novel words

Question 10

Describe episodic memory in infancy

Answer 10

• typically studied using deferred or elicited imitation
• By 2 years children show evidence of temporarily recall of ; frequently occurring event sequences, novel event sequences, novel casual

Question 11

What is Infantile and early childhood amnesia?

Answer 11

The inability later in life to recall any autobiographical memories prior to about 2.5 years of age

Question 12

What are the 3 Modern accounts of infantile amnesia?

Answer 12

Memory format change hypothesis
Neural change hypothesis
Cueing hypothesis

Question 13

What do Factors supporting the development of long term autobiographical memory in children older than 3 include?

Answer 13

1. Development of narrative skills
2. Social sharing of memories & explicit rehearsal of past events
3. Understanding of time

Question 14

What are memory strategies

Answer 14

explicit techniques that help people remember things. We can distinguish between:
External support
Internal strategies

Question 15

What is organization in memory strategies?

Answer 15

putting a structure on information by using categorical or hierarchical relationships

Question 16

describe meta memory as a memory strategy

Answer 16

the ability to appreciate how your own memory works (fosters the use of memory strategies)