Memory Flashcards
What is the capacity, coding, duration of sensory memory?
Unlimited
All
Brief (250ms)
How is information lost from the sensory memory?
Lost by decay
What is the capacity, coding, duration of short term memory?
Limited (7 items)
Acoustic / visual
Limited (18-30s)
How is information lost from the STM?
Decay / displacement
What is the capacity, coding, duration of LTM?
Unlimited
Semantic
Unlimited
How is information lost for LTM?
Decay, retrieval failure, interference
How is STM transferred to LTM?
Rehearsal information
How is STM turned into LTM?
Retrieval practice
What is a strength of the multi store model?
- various studies confirmed that STM and LTM are distinct memory systems.
- Baddely’s research found that individuals tend to confuse similar sounding words in STM and similar meaning words in LTM. This study is supported by studies that examine capacity and duration.
What are 4 weaknesses of the multi store model?
- we cannot see it and it is just a theory
- it is passive - we have no control over it
- doesn’t always help us in our everyday lives
- reductionist
What is the case of HM?
Henry Molaison cracked his skill in an accident, he began blacking out and having seizures. In an attempt to cure him, daredevil surgeon DR. William Skoville removed H.M.’s hippocampus.
What is the case of Peterson and Peterson (1959)?
This is a study to test how long
information (3 consonants) will
stay in STM- Testing duration. You
will read out 3 consonants (called
a trigram e.g. CDX) and ask your
participant to start counting
backwards in 3s from a specified
number in order to prevent them
rehearsing the trigram Peterson and Peterson found that
participants forgot most of the
information.
• They were unable to rehearse it (say it
in their head repeatedly) because they
were having to count backwards.
What is the Bahrick et al (1975 study?
The study found that individuals could recognise their classmates names and faces nearly 50 years after graduation. He found that not everyone recalled every face.
Who came up with the working memory store model?
Baddely and Hitch
What did baddely and hitch (1974) find?
They argued that STM was more complex than a unitary store. It is a way of explaining how we are able to use our memory abilities during active tasks. The WMM’s different stores all have very limited capacity, so it is an active and ever moving process.
What 4 things are included in the WMM?
Central executive, Visio- spatial sketch pad, episodic buffer, phonological loop.
What is central executive?
It controls attention and the subsidiary system
It is flexible and involved in processes like problem solving, planning and decision making.
It controls attention
Process information
It has a limited capacity
What is Visio- spatial sketch pad?
It is storage for spatial and visual information and is known as the inner eye.
It is responsible for manipulating mental images
It has limited capacity
It is used to store both visual and spatial information
What is an episodic buffer?
It is a temporary storage system.
It allows information from the subsidiary systems to be combined with information from LTM.
It is capable of interrogating information from different sources or episodes.
What is a phonological loop?
It is also known as your inner ear
It allows acoustically encoded information to be held for a short period of time.
