memory Flashcards
working memory
holding information briefly while working with it.
episodic memory
remembering episodes of one’s life
Semantic memory
general knowledge of facts
Encoding
initial learning of information, and relating it to prior knowledge
Storing
maintaining memory over time.
Retrieving
accessing information when needed
What are the 4 types of memory?
working, episodic, semantic and collective
Collective memory
the shared memories of people in a group
What are the 3 stages of learning/memory process?
encoding, storing, and retrieving
Whart are the two types of errors in memory?
forgetting and misremembering
distinctiveness
having an event stand out as different from a background or similar event - a key to remembering
Flashbulb memory
vivid personal memories of recieving the news of some momentus and susually emotional event.
Recoding
taking information the way it is delivered and converting it to make sense of it.
3 recoding strategies
- relate new information to existing knowledge
- imagine and picture events
- Form memories that stand out and form connections
Inference
something isn’t explicitely stated but we can guess undisclosed information
Pragmatic Inference
there is one partivular inference you are more likely to make
Memory traces
A long term change in the brain that represents something encoded as a memory.
Consolidation
the neural changes that occur after learning to create the memory trace of an experience. It stabilizes memory traces.
retention interval
the time between learning and testing
retroactive inference
new activities during the retention interval that interfere with retrieving the specific older memory
What is one of the main causes of forgetting?
retroactive inference
proactive inference
when past memories interfere with the encoding of new ones.
The Misinformation effect
a person’s recall of episodic memories becomes less accurate because of post-event information.
Available information
all of the information stored in your memoryA
Accessible information
The information you can retrieve
What critical factor determines what information can be retrieved?
cues
Cues
hints in the environment that trigger a memory
Encoding specifity principle
memories are linked to the context in which they are created. It’s easier to recall information when you are in the same context that you learned it.
