memory Flashcards

Question

what is sensory memory?

Answer 1

compromises several memory stores (one for all five senses) coding in each store is modality specific (ie store coding for visual information is iconic)

Answer 2

describes how information flows through the memory system suggests memory is made up of three stores linked by processing

Answer 3

the storage of visual memory that allows people to visualise an image after the physical stimulus is no longer present

Answer 4

registers specific to auditory information

Answer 5

straight repeating of information to memorise it also called rote rehearsal can be done mentally

Answer 6

a way to memorise information more effectively and maintain it in your LTM

Answer 7

encoding strategy facilitates the formation of memory by linking new information to what you already know

Answer 8

memory loss

Answer 9

underwent brain surgery to relieve epilepsy hippocampus was removed from both sides of his brain when his memory was assessed in 1955 he thought it was 1953 and thought he was 27 (he was 31) could not form new LTM memories performed well on immediate STM memory span tests

Answer 10

supports MSM as it shows there are two separate memory stores (LTM and STM) shows that it is possible to sustain damage to to one store and not the other - LTM was badly damaged, STM was less badly impacted

Answer 11

S - Baddeley found that we mix up similarly sounding words when using STM, but mix up words with similar meanings when using our LTM L - many studies on MSM do not use materials that are meaningful (ie words - Baddeley, digits, letters - Jacobs) L - KF’s STM was very poor when things were read aloud to him but was much better when he read aloud himself L - elaborative rehearsal is needed for LTM storage - means that information can be transferred to LTM without prolonged rehearsal

Answer 12

LTM store for personal events timestamped deliberate recall ie first day of school

Answer 13

factual and meaningful general information about the world deliberate recall ie knowing london is the capital city of england

Answer 14

memory for actions or skills does not require deliberate recall more difficult to explain compared to episodic and semantic ie how to drive a car

Answer 15

severe form of amnesia (from severe infection that attacked his brain) was a world-class musician and can still play to the same level can remember some aspects of his life but not others procedural memory is still intact and semantic memory was relatively unaffected supports Tulving’s view that there are different LTM stores

Answer 16

S - evidence from case studied HM and Clive Wearing C - clinical studies lack control of variables L - conflicting neuroimaging evidence S - allows psychologists to help people with specific memory problems

Answer 17

an explanation of STM and how it functions

Answer 18

has overall control monitors incoming data, makes decisions, allocates systems to different tasks capacity: limited coding: depends on specific sense ie visual

Answer 19

contains phonological store: stores the words you hear contains articulatory process: maintenance rehearsal (repeating sounds/words in a loop) capacity: limited - 2 seconds coding: visual

Answer 20

holds static images to manipulate them visual cache = visual data inner scribe = records the arrangement of objects in the visual field capacity: limited - 3-4 objects coding: visual

Answer 21

temporary store integrates visual, spatial, verbal info processed by other stores maintains time sequencing storage component of central executive links WM to LTM & other cognitive processes (ie perception) capacity: limited to about 4 chunks coding: depends on specific sense (ie visual)

Answer 22

amnesic patient STM for digits was poor when read out to him, but much better when he read them himself shows there could be another STM store for non verbal info

Answer 23

L - lack of clarity over nature of central executive S - studies of dual-task performance support separate existence of visuo-spatial sketchpad S - clinical evidence (KF) C - unclear is KF had other cognitive impairments (apart from damage to his phonological loop)