Memory

Question 1

What is the multi store model?

Answer 1

Structural model stating sensory, STM and LTM are separate unitary stores, and that information flows through the system in a linear way. Proposed by Atkinson and Shiffrin.

Question 2

1st part of MSM

Answer 2

Stimulus

Question 3

Sensory register part of MSM (coding, capacity, and duration)

Answer 3

Iconic, Echoic, other sensory stores…
Coding: modality specific
Capacity: Unlimited
Duration: 0.5 seconds

Question 4

Short-term memory store in MSM (coding, capacity and duration)

Answer 4

Coding: acoustic
Capacity: 7±2 (5-9 items)
Duration: 18-30 seconds

Question 5

Long-term memory store in MSM (coding, capacity and duration)

Answer 5

Coding: semantic
Capacity: unlimited
Duration: Potentially forever

Question 6

Coding in STM research (by who)

Answer 6

Baddeley
Findings: more mistakes on acoustically similar list

Question 7

Capacity of STM research (by who)

Answer 7

Miller
Findings: ppts could recall 5-9 items

Question 8

Duration of STM research (by who)

Answer 8

Peterson and Peterson
Findings: After 3 seconds, only 80% recalled trigram correctly. After 18 seconds, fewer than 10% recalled correctly

Question 9

Sensory register research (by who)

Answer 9

Sperling
Investigating duration and capacity of sensory register
Findings: 3/4 symbols on line, iconic store retains 76% of info
After delay of 0.3 seconds, 50%

Question 10

Coding in LTM research (by who)

Answer 10

Baddeley
Findings: More errors in semantically similar

Question 11

Capacity in LTM research (by who)

Answer 11

Standing
Findings: 90% recognition in pictures after a week

Question 12

Duration in LTM research (by who)

Answer 12

Bahrick
Findings: 70% recalled with name and yearbook picture
30% recalled with no photo cue

Question 13

Research to support MSM

Answer 13

Clive Wearing and lab experiments with good control

Question 14

Research against MSM

Answer 14

Patient KF, too much emphasis on rehearsal

Question 15

Episodic memory + example

Answer 15

Ability to recall event in our life. Time stamped. Conscious effort made to recall.
E.g. recent visit to the dentist

Question 16

Semantic memory + example

Answer 16

Ability to recall facts of the world (broad). Not time stamped. Sometimes conscious effort made to recall.
E.g. Capital of France

Question 17

Procedural memory + example

Answer 17

Ability to recall actions or skills. Not time stamped. Don’t need conscious effort to recall.
E.g. riding a bike

Question 18

Evidence to support types of LTM

Answer 18

Clive Wearing and HM, Real life application, Neuro-imaging evidence

Question 19

Procedural memory - Declarative or no and brain region

Answer 19

non-declarative and motor cortex

Question 20

Semantic memory - Declarative or no and brain region

Answer 20

declarative and temporal lobe

Question 21

Episodic memory -Declarative or no and brain region

Answer 21

Declarative and hippocampus

Question 22

Slave systems in WMM

Answer 22

Visio-spatial sketchpad, Episodic buffer and Phonological loop(articulatory loop and phonological store)

Question 23

WMM (who?)

Answer 23

Baddeley and Hitch - explanation of STM memory as an active process

Question 24

Central executive

Answer 24

Attentional process which monitors what needs to be done to incoming data and when
Delegates tasks to slave systems
Codes any type of info
Takes over most demanding tasks
Limited capacity

Question 25

Phonological loop

Answer 25

Phonological store: Stores words we hear Articulatory loop: Repeats words silently that are seen or heard to keep in memory Limited capacity and codes acoustically. 2 second duration

Question 26

Visio-spatial sketchpad

Answer 26

Visual info passed from CE Sets up mental images and plans spatial tasks Stores visual and spatial temporarily Limited capacity and codes visually.

Question 27

Episodic buffer

Answer 27

General store added later on Collects and combines info from all slave systems to record an event Transfers to LTM Has limited capacity and codes any type of info 4 chunks of info

Question 28

Dual-task performance

Answer 28

when 2 tasks are being done at same time using different slave systems

Question 29

Research to support WMM

Answer 29

Patient KF(low pop. validity) Dual task performance(Baddeley et al.)

Question 30

Research against WMM

Answer 30

Not enough attention to CE - may be more complicated

Question 31

Interference theory

Answer 31

forgetting occurs due to two lots of info, coded at diff times, getting confused in LTM