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PE - Section B > Memory > Flashcards

Memory Flashcards

1
Q

What are the stages of the memory system?

A

Input
Sensory Memory
Working Memory / STM
LTM

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2
Q

What is meant by selective attention?

A

The process of filtering relevant information from irrelevant information

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3
Q

Characteristics of the STSS

A

Temporary facility - 0.5 - 1 Seconds
Stores lots of Info
Receives info from sense organs
Filters info from selective attention

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4
Q

Characteristics of the STM

A

Can store 5-9 Items for 20-30 Seconds
Receives info from STSS
Requests motor programmes from LTM
Runs our motor programmes

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5
Q

Characteristics of LTM

A

Stored info including motor programmes
Infinite capacity and stores indefinitely

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6
Q

How to ensure information is stored in the long term memory

A

Mental Practice
Association
Focus
Chunking
Rewards
Chaining
Repitition

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7
Q

How should mental practice be carried out prior to performance?

A

Needs to go somewhere quiet
Focus on the task
Build a clear picture in their mind
Sequence the action
Imagine success
Avoid images of failure
Practice regularly

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8
Q

What are the 4 stages of the working memory model?

A

Central Executive
Phonological Loop
Episodic Buffer
Visuospatial Sketchpad

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9
Q

What is the central executive’s role?

A

The Control Centre

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10
Q

What is the function of the phonological loop?

A

Auditory senses to remember things we hear

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11
Q

What is the function of the visuospatial sketchpad?

A

Deals with visual and spatial info - navigation

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12
Q

What is the function of the episodic buffer?

A

Allows visual and auditory information to be chunked

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13
Q

What are the functions of the memory system?

A

The working memory initiates the action by sending a memory trace
Working memory has a limited capacity - approx 7 items - importance of selective attention
Important info stored in LTM as motor programme
The LTM has a large capacity to recall info for a lifetime if needed

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14
Q

What is meant by DCR?

A

Detect the stimulus
Compare to past experiences
Recognise what is relevant

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15
Q

What is the first stage of Whiting’s IP model?

A

Input (senses)

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16
Q

How does information travel through Whiting’s IP model?

A

Input (senses) - Perceptual mechanisms- Translatory Mechanisms- Effector Mechanisms- Output - Feedback

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17
Q

How can a coach improve the selective attention of players?

A

Increase the intensity of the stimulus
Increase time to react / slow down stimulus
Use of mental practice
Analysis of strengths + weaknesses
Relevant Practice
Highlight specific cues
Increase fitness levels
Train with distractions

18
Q

What does each central mechanism do in the IP model?

A

Perceptual = Stimulus Identification Stage
Translatory = Response selection stage
Effector = Response Programming Stage

19
Q

What is meant by Schema?

A

Storing general motor programmes that we adapt to suit our needs

20
Q

What are the two types of Schema?

A

Recall and Recognition

21
Q

What are the two stages of recall in schema?

A

Where am I? Initial conditions
What do I do? Response specification

22
Q

What are the 2 stages of recognition in schema?

A

How did it feel? Sensory consequences
What was the outcome? Response outcome

23
Q

What is meant by initial conditions in Schema?

A

Refers to the info from the sporting environment that must be recognised before the schema can be used

24
Q

What is meant by response specifications in schema?

A

The information from the environment is used to assess the available options to the performer

25
Q

What is meant by sensory consequences in schema?

A

Concern the use of senses to help guide the movement. Information used to control and apply the movement to the situation. How does it look and feel?

26
Q

What is meant by response outcome in Schema?

A

The schema and indeed the motor programme can be updated by getting ‘knowledge of results’

27
Q

How is response time calculated?

A

Reaction time + movement time

28
Q

What is meant by reaction time?

A

The time taken from the onset of a stimulus to the onset of a response

29
Q

What is meant by movement time?

A

The time taken to complete the task

30
Q

What is meant by the response time?

A

The time taken from the onset of a stimulus to complete a task

31
Q

What are the two types of response time?

A

Simple and Choice

32
Q

What is meant by a simple reaction time?

A

One stimulus and one response

33
Q

What is meant by a choice reaction time?

A

Multiple stimuli and multiple responses available

34
Q

What does Hicks Law state?

A

As the number of stimuli increase, so does the reaction time

35
Q

What are some of the factors affecting response time?

A

Stage of learning
Age
Arousal levels
Fitness levels
Intensity of stimuli

36
Q

What does the single channel hypothesis state?

A

Stimuli can only be processed one at a time, therefore a second stimulus must wait until the first has been processed

37
Q

What is meant by the psychological refractory period?

A

This explains the delay that occurs because we can only process one stimulus at a time

38
Q

What is meant by anticipation?

A

‘The prejudging of a stimulus’

39
Q

What is meant by temporal anticipation?

A

Prejudging when the stimulus is going to happen

40
Q

What is meant by spatial anticipation?

A

Refers to where and what the projected stimulus are going to be

41
Q

How can we improve response time?

A

Training specific stimuli expected in game
Improving fitness improves reaction time - Plyometrics / Interval training
Use of anticipation to predict the stimulus

PE - Section B (3 decks)

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