Memory Flashcards
What is the Modal Model of Memory?
Sensory memory store - very brief
Short term memory
Long term memory - essentially permanent
What is Sensory memory? What is its capacity, duration and function?
Function: Sustain sensations for identification
Capacity: Very large (“scenic”)
Duration: Very short (3 secs or less)
What is Short-term memory? What is its capacity, duration and function?
Duration: 10-15 seconds without rehearsal
Function: Do conscious work; to think
Capacity: 7 plus or minus 2 items or “chunks”
What is long-term memory? What is its capacity, duration and function?
Capacity: Enormous (unlimited)
Duration: Very long (essentially permanent)
Function: Tie together past and present, prior experience to guide our behavior
Attention
Attention: Selects info from Sensory memory
Rehearsal
Trying to remember & keeps it in working / Short term memory
Encoding
Encoding: How you think about information in short term memory (get into long term memory)
Retrieval
Retrieval: Brings information from long term memory to working memory
What kind of problems did Clive Wearing have?
Musician, no past or future / just a moment to moment consciousness; perceives the world normally, he remembers his wife but not that he has seen her so he has some long term memory about who she is, gets very angry
If something can be lost while something else is perceived it suggests those are two different parts of memory
What type of errors can lead to false memory?
Imagining nonexistent actions or events
Gist-based memories - remembering the general global event vs. specific details
Asking a question vs. a statement
What are heuristics?
Rules of thumb that produce quick results but leave room for errors
Humans use these
What are algorithms?
A procedure that always produces a correct solution
Computer uses these
What is the representativeness heuristic?
occurs when we estimate the probability of an event based on how similar it is to a known situation
What is the availability heuristic?
occurs when we judge the likelihood of an event based on how easily we can recall similar events
What is confirmation bias?
Our tendency to cherry-pick information that confirms our existing beliefs or ideas
What are Functional fixedness and Duncker’s candle problem? What helps people to solve the Duncker’s candle problem quickly?
Functional fixedness: We don’t see what can used to solve the problem because it is currently serving another purpose
Duncker would bring people into the lab and sit them at a table with a cork board in front of them with props in front of them. Problem is to attach the candle to the corkboard in a way that can be safely burned. Key to the problem is the box.
Repeated the candle problem, when you labeled the box and tacks separately they solved the problem more quickly. Broke functional fixedness, and changed how participants reasoned and solved problems
What were the findings of research on the question of whether labels help or hurt memory for pictures?
Labels can impact how we remember pictures - more consistent with the label (eye glasses vs. dumbbell) and more likely to remember
What is linguistic determinism?
that the semantic structure of a particular language determines the structure of mental categories among its speakers. Language determines thought.
English - 1 work for snow, Inuit - 7 words for snow
What is linguistic relativity?
The language that you speak determines how you perceive, think about, and remember the world around you
