Learning

Question 1

What is habituation?

Answer 1

Decrease how much you respond to stimulus that repeats in your environment and doesn’t predict anything

Question 2

What is sensitization?

Answer 2

Increase how much you respond to stimulus that repeats in your environment and is potentially noxious

Question 3

What is classical conditioning?

Answer 3

A neutral cue reliably predicts an important outcome (good or bad). These provoke actions/responses that we can measure the responses to cues to measure the strength of learning

Question 4

What is the unconditioned stimulus (sometimes abbreviated as US or UCS) and the unconditioned response (sometimes described as UR or UCR)?

Answer 4

US = Something innately valuable - Food
UR = Response you have to stimulus - Salivating

Question 5

What are the conditioned stimulus (CS) and conditioned response (CR)?

Answer 5

CS = Has nothing to do with the stimulus - Bell
CR = Response you have to the conditioned stimulus - Salivating

Question 6

What do the Little Albert studies show? How can fear be conditioned?

Answer 6

That fear, a more complex response than salivating, can also be conditioned. Negative associations that are learned from past experiences (going to the dentist)

Question 7

What is stimulus generalization

Answer 7

Tendency to respond to stimuli that are similar to the conditioned stimulus so that learning is not tired too narrowly to the specific stimuli

Question 8

Stimulus discrimination

Answer 8

Occurs when we learn to respond to a specific stimulus but not to similar stimuli, thus preventing overgeneralization

Question 9

How are positive and negative reinforcements processes similar and different?

Answer 9

Positive: Behavior leads to a stimulus being presented; Negative: Behavior leads to a stimulus being removed
Increases likelihood of a behavior; Independent of whether the outcome is desired or undesired; objective facts about observable responses

Question 10

How are positive and negative reinforcements processes similar and different?

Answer 10

Weakens or decreases the likelihood of a behavior; positive - stimulus is presented so behavior decreases (ticket for speeding), negative: decreases behavior by removing stimulus (losing your license after too many tickets)