Memory Flashcards
Capacity
How much data can be held in a memory store
Duration
How long a memory lasts before it is lost
Coding
The way in which information is changed so it can be stored in memory
The multi-store model of memory
An explanation of memory based on three memory stores, and how information is transferred between them
Sensory Register
Contains immediate data that comes from the senses
Short-term memory
Holds information for immediate tasks
Long-term memory
Takes information from STM and creates long lasting memories
Maintenance rehearsal
Repeating items over and over to maintain them in STM
Elaborative rehearsal
Encoding information by making meaningful links to existing information
The working memory model
Explains how memory is used when working on a task
Central executive
Co-ordinates various components of working memory, it processes sensory information and sends it to the three slave systems
Phonological loop
Deals with auditory information and preserves the order of information
Phonological store
Holds the words that are heard (inner ear)
Articulatory process
Allows for maintenance rehearsal of acoustic information (inner voice)
Visuo-spatial sketchpad
Used for the planning of spatial tasks, and the temporary storage of visual/spatial information
Visual Cache
Stores information about visual items
Inner scribe
Stores the arrangement of objects in the visual field
Episodic buffer
A general store for both visual and acoustic information, it integrates information from the central executive, phonological loop, and visuo-spatial sketchpad, and it sends information to LTM
Interference
When memories interfere with and disrupt other memories
Proactive interference
Past memories disrupt the learning of new information
Retroactive interference
New memories disrupt old information
Retrieval failure
Forgetting due to a lack of cues
State-dependent forgetting
Occurs when the state you are recalling in is different to the state in which you were learning
Context-dependent forgetting
Occurs when the environment during recall is different from the environment in which you were learning
