Memory Flashcards

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1
Q

Capacity

A

How much data can be held in a memory store

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2
Q

Duration

A

How long a memory lasts before it is lost

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3
Q

Coding

A

The way in which information is changed so it can be stored in memory

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4
Q

The multi-store model of memory

A

An explanation of memory based on three memory stores, and how information is transferred between them

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5
Q

Sensory Register

A

Contains immediate data that comes from the senses

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6
Q

Short-term memory

A

Holds information for immediate tasks

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7
Q

Long-term memory

A

Takes information from STM and creates long lasting memories

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8
Q

Maintenance rehearsal

A

Repeating items over and over to maintain them in STM

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9
Q

Elaborative rehearsal

A

Encoding information by making meaningful links to existing information

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10
Q

The working memory model

A

Explains how memory is used when working on a task

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11
Q

Central executive

A

Co-ordinates various components of working memory, it processes sensory information and sends it to the three slave systems

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12
Q

Phonological loop

A

Deals with auditory information and preserves the order of information

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13
Q

Phonological store

A

Holds the words that are heard (inner ear)

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14
Q

Articulatory process

A

Allows for maintenance rehearsal of acoustic information (inner voice)

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15
Q

Visuo-spatial sketchpad

A

Used for the planning of spatial tasks, and the temporary storage of visual/spatial information

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16
Q

Visual Cache

A

Stores information about visual items

17
Q

Inner scribe

A

Stores the arrangement of objects in the visual field

18
Q

Episodic buffer

A

A general store for both visual and acoustic information, it integrates information from the central executive, phonological loop, and visuo-spatial sketchpad, and it sends information to LTM

19
Q

Interference

A

When memories interfere with and disrupt other memories

20
Q

Proactive interference

A

Past memories disrupt the learning of new information

21
Q

Retroactive interference

A

New memories disrupt old information

22
Q

Retrieval failure

A

Forgetting due to a lack of cues

23
Q

State-dependent forgetting

A

Occurs when the state you are recalling in is different to the state in which you were learning

24
Q

Context-dependent forgetting

A

Occurs when the environment during recall is different from the environment in which you were learning

25
Q

Eyewitness testimony

A

An account given by people of an event they have witnessed

26
Q

Misleading information

A

Incorrect information given to an eyewitness following an event

27
Q

Leading questions

A

Questions that are worded to suggest a particular answer

28
Q

Post-event discussion

A

When eyewitnesses discuss what they saw in an event with each other

29
Q

The standard police interview

A

Involves the interviewer doing most of the talking, asking specific questions that require specific answers

30
Q

The cognitive interview

A

A questioning technique used by the police to enhance the retrieval of information about an event from the eyewitness and victim’s memory

31
Q

Mental reinstatement

A

The witness is encouraged to mentally recreate the physical and psychological environment of the original incident
The aim is to provide contextual and emotional cues to retrieve memories

32
Q

Report everything

A

The witness is encouraged to report every single detail of the event even if it seems irrelevant
Recollection of one item may then cue other memories

33
Q

Change order

A

The interviewer tries alternative ways through the timeline of the incident e.g. reversing the order
This should prevent pre-existing schema influencing recall