Memory Flashcards
Factors effecting
Eye Witness Testimony
A01
- Anxiety
- Post Event Discussion
- Leading Questions
EWT
Anxiety
A03
- Pen vs Knife (anxiety hinders
- Gunfight interviews (anxiety helps)
- Bank robbery witnesses (Anxiety helps)
Post Event Discussion and Leading Questions
A03
- Car accident videos (leading questions)
- thief girl (PED)
- Yuille and Cutshall (leading questions)
Forgetting
A03
- Context dependent recall (divers)
- State dependent recall (drunk)
- Rugby players (retroactive)
- Magazine adverts (interference)
Types of LTM
A03
- Tulving (3/6 blood flow different for E and S)
- Alzheimers (double dissociation)
- Schemas (office, S and E are linked)
- HM (separate P)
Cognitive Interview
A03
- Police training videos (higher recall with CI)
- Meta-analysis (CI better than og)
- Meta analysis (CI more incorrect)
- General Cons
Multistore Model
A03
- Glanzer and Cunitz
- KF supports
- KF refutes
- Chess players
Working Memory Model
A03
- Baddeley and Lewis
- Baddeley and Salame (For)
- Baddeley and Salame (against)
- Central Executive
Capacity of LTM
Unlimited
Estimated neuronal connections: 1 followed by 10.5 km of 0s
impossible to actually measure
Anokhin
Duration of LTM
Lifetime
Tested recall using high school yearbooks
Recall fell with time since, but most info still there, maybe just harder to retrieve
Bahrick
realistic, no random allocation
Coding of LTM
Primarily semantic
Replication of previous coding research
Semantically similar words had lower recall rates
Baddeley
only tested words, artificial, lab study
Capacity of STM
7 +/- 2 items
Digit span technique
Average 9.3 numbers 7.3 letters
Capacity increased by chunking
Miller on Jacobs
Lab study, artificial
Duration of STM
18-30 seconds
Recall of meaningless three letter after intervals
Peterson and Peterson
duration or displacement? unrealistic
Coding of STM
Acoustic coding
Changed order of list of five words
Recall lowest for acoustically similar words
Baddeley
lab study, artificial, only words are acoustic?
Coding of SR
No research
Modality Specific
* ionic store
* echoic store
* haptic store
* olfactory store
* gustatory store
Capacity of SR
5-9 items
3x4 grid of letters
Grid recall: 4 or 5 /12
Row recall: 3/4
CAn hold 3 items from each row, but trace faded during recall
Sperling
lab study, replicable, artificial, only ionic store
Duration of SR
0.5 - 4 seconds
Length of time between hearing and being cued for recall increased, recall decreased
Darwen
Types of LTM
A01
- Procedural
* Actions
* Unconcious - Episodic
* Experiences
* Personal - Semantic
* Facts and knowledge
Multi-Store Model of Memory
A01
SR -> STM via attention
STM -> LTM via rehearsal
Separate stores
Forgetting different for each store
Working Memory Model
A01
Central Excecutive
Phonological loop
Episodic Buffer
Visuospatial Sketchpad
Central Excecutive
A01
Allocates attention to the slave systems
Episodic Buffer
A01
A later addition
Integrates and stores information from other subsystems along with information from the LTM
Phonological Loop
A01
Phonological Store
* inner ear
Arcticulatory Process
* inner voice
Visuospation Sketchpad
A01
Temporary storage of visual and spatial information
