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Psychology Paper 1 > Memory > Flashcards

Memory Flashcards

1
Q

Factors effecting

Eye Witness Testimony

A01

A
  • Anxiety
  • Post Event Discussion
  • Leading Questions
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2
Q

EWT

Anxiety

A03

A
  • Pen vs Knife (anxiety hinders
  • Gunfight interviews (anxiety helps)
  • Bank robbery witnesses (Anxiety helps)
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3
Q

Post Event Discussion and Leading Questions

A03

A
  • Car accident videos (leading questions)
  • thief girl (PED)
  • Yuille and Cutshall (leading questions)
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4
Q

Forgetting

A03

A
  • Context dependent recall (divers)
  • State dependent recall (drunk)
  • Rugby players (retroactive)
  • Magazine adverts (interference)
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5
Q

Types of LTM

A03

A
  • Tulving (3/6 blood flow different for E and S)
  • Alzheimers (double dissociation)
  • Schemas (office, S and E are linked)
  • HM (separate P)
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6
Q

Cognitive Interview

A03

A
  • Police training videos (higher recall with CI)
  • Meta-analysis (CI better than og)
  • Meta analysis (CI more incorrect)
  • General Cons
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7
Q

Multistore Model

A03

A
  • Glanzer and Cunitz
  • KF supports
  • KF refutes
  • Chess players
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8
Q

Working Memory Model

A03

A
  • Baddeley and Lewis
  • Baddeley and Salame (For)
  • Baddeley and Salame (against)
  • Central Executive
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9
Q

Capacity of LTM

A

Unlimited
Estimated neuronal connections: 1 followed by 10.5 km of 0s
impossible to actually measure

Anokhin

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10
Q

Duration of LTM

A

Lifetime
Tested recall using high school yearbooks
Recall fell with time since, but most info still there, maybe just harder to retrieve

Bahrick

realistic, no random allocation

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11
Q

Coding of LTM

A

Primarily semantic
Replication of previous coding research
Semantically similar words had lower recall rates

Baddeley

only tested words, artificial, lab study

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12
Q

Capacity of STM

A

7 +/- 2 items
Digit span technique
Average 9.3 numbers 7.3 letters
Capacity increased by chunking

Miller on Jacobs

Lab study, artificial

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13
Q

Duration of STM

A

18-30 seconds
Recall of meaningless three letter after intervals

Peterson and Peterson

duration or displacement? unrealistic

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14
Q

Coding of STM

A

Acoustic coding
Changed order of list of five words
Recall lowest for acoustically similar words

Baddeley

lab study, artificial, only words are acoustic?

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15
Q

Coding of SR

No research

A

Modality Specific
* ionic store
* echoic store
* haptic store
* olfactory store
* gustatory store

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16
Q

Capacity of SR

A

5-9 items
3x4 grid of letters
Grid recall: 4 or 5 /12
Row recall: 3/4
CAn hold 3 items from each row, but trace faded during recall

Sperling

lab study, replicable, artificial, only ionic store

17
Q

Duration of SR

A

0.5 - 4 seconds
Length of time between hearing and being cued for recall increased, recall decreased

Darwen

18
Q

Types of LTM

A01

A
  1. Procedural
    * Actions
    * Unconcious
  2. Episodic
    * Experiences
    * Personal
  3. Semantic
    * Facts and knowledge
19
Q

Multi-Store Model of Memory

A01

A

SR -> STM via attention
STM -> LTM via rehearsal
Separate stores
Forgetting different for each store

20
Q

Working Memory Model

A01

A

Central Excecutive
Phonological loop
Episodic Buffer
Visuospatial Sketchpad

21
Q

Central Excecutive

A01

A

Allocates attention to the slave systems

22
Q

Episodic Buffer

A01

A

A later addition
Integrates and stores information from other subsystems along with information from the LTM

23
Q

Phonological Loop

A01

A

Phonological Store
* inner ear

Arcticulatory Process
* inner voice

24
Q

Visuospation Sketchpad

A01

A

Temporary storage of visual and spatial information

25
Q

Retrieval Failure

A01

A

Context dependent recall
Encoding specificity principle
Context and state dependent

26
Q

Interference

A01

A

Retroactive
* New information interferes with the recall of old

Proactive
* Old information interferes with new

27
Q

Anxiety

A01

A

Yerkes Dodson Curve
Weapon focus/Tunnel vision

28
Q

Leading Questions and Post Event Discussion

A01

A

Source misattribution
Witnesses confuse outside information as coming from their head and being real

29
Q

Cognitive Interview Features

A01

A
  1. Recall Everything
  2. Mental reinstatement of original context
  3. Recall in different orders
  4. Recall from different perspectives
30
Q

Reasoning Behind Cognitive Interview

A01

A

Context and state dependent cues
Disrupts effects of schemas
Harder to lie

Psychology Paper 1 (4 decks)

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